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Today, there are over 20 countries classified as transition economies. It is undeniable that a basic and essential challenge for all transition economies is still the attraction of investment and, in...

This publication summarizes the proceedings of the Round Table on Standards, Norms and Regulations and their Impact on International Trade, focused primarily on central and eastern European countries...

This publication discusses the different aspects of transition Poland has experienced during the last decade. The guide looks at encouraging private entrepreneurship; problems of stock exchanges in a...

The development of foreign trade in the transition economies depends largely on the availability of competitive exports and convertible currency funds for imports. This publication addresses practical...

The rapid development of the services sector in domestic and international trade has been a major feature of the world’s economic development over the last thirty or more years. At the same time...

The 2017 Commodities and Development Report investigates the transmission channels through which commodity dependence affects micro- and macro-level development outcomes, examines long-term commodity...

This report is taken from the deliberations that took place at the workshop, Practical Aspects of Trade Finance in CIS Countries with Special Reference to Problems Encountered by Small and Medium...

This brief publication aims to provide useful information for formulating technical assistance projects for Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia (EECCA) countries. The publication provides a...

The accession of eight Central and Eastern European transition countries and two Mediterranean countries to the European Union was the most significant enlargement in scope and diversity in the...

Smallholder farmers constitute the largest contingent of the poor and yet they produce more than 80 per cent of the world's food, in value terms. Though there are marked differences by country and...

The Commodities and Development Report 2012, released during the 13th session of UNCTAD, shows that developing countries suffer from high prices for commodities and food, in particular Least Developed...

This report highlights pathways to economic diversification in commodity-dependent developing countries in an environment where decarbonization of the global economy has become the overarching...

The purpose of the UNECE Trade and Investment Guides is to assist countries in transition, as well as economic actors in other countries, in becoming familiar with best practices in the areas of trade...

This study examines the issue of how to measure the effectiveness of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) within the context of recent trade and environment discussions. The three MEAs...

This publication provides an analytical framework for international consideration of the issue on fisheries subsidies, trade and the environment. It views natural resource subsidies in economic theory...

Growing international trade has made the economies of nations inter-dependent and this has had, among other things, implications for environmental policy. Global Product Chains is a helpful instrument...

This publication illustrates how safety requirements in the field of biotechnology can sometimes take the form of trade measures when they create a restriction on trade to protect the environment and...

This publication provides information on the environmental characteristics of three products: paper, laundry detergents, and textiles. It gives an overview of environmental criteria in each of the...

Commodity dependence is a trap: once a country is commodity dependent, it is difficult to develop a productive sector out of commodities and export non-commodity products. This publication argues that...