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Today, there are over 20 countries classified as transition economies. It is undeniable that a basic and essential challenge for all transition economies is still the attraction of investment and, in...

This publication summarizes the proceedings of the Round Table on Standards, Norms and Regulations and their Impact on International Trade, focused primarily on central and eastern European countries...

This publication discusses the different aspects of transition Poland has experienced during the last decade. The guide looks at encouraging private entrepreneurship; problems of stock exchanges in a...

The development of foreign trade in the transition economies depends largely on the availability of competitive exports and convertible currency funds for imports. This publication addresses practical...

The rapid development of the services sector in domestic and international trade has been a major feature of the world’s economic development over the last thirty or more years. At the same time...

This report is taken from the deliberations that took place at the workshop, Practical Aspects of Trade Finance in CIS Countries with Special Reference to Problems Encountered by Small and Medium...

This brief publication aims to provide useful information for formulating technical assistance projects for Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia (EECCA) countries. The publication provides a...

The accession of eight Central and Eastern European transition countries and two Mediterranean countries to the European Union was the most significant enlargement in scope and diversity in the...

The purpose of the UNECE Trade and Investment Guides is to assist countries in transition, as well as economic actors in other countries, in becoming familiar with best practices in the areas of trade...

This guide discusses production and distribution of spare parts and import procurement management. It also provides information on pricing, transport, and inventory management. The appendices list...

This book on sea transport discusses factors relating to transport in import procurement responsibility for international transport, the purchase contract terms, sea transport alternatives, types of...

This guide discusses buyer's objectives, contractual commitment, procurement quality programme, product characteristics and quality assurance; the need for identification of products, description of...

This textbook focuses on institutional and policy issues affecting public procurement in developing countries. It covers scope and policy objectives and summarizes essential features. It discusses...

This study discusses warehousing of imports: objectives and functions of warehousing; warehouse planning, costs and economics; building and stockyard design, layout and structure; warehousing of...

The publication examines changes in the regulatory landscape in the member States of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), including the recent trend towards “better regulation”...

This guide on the evaluation of bids and offers from foreign suppliers is aimed at public sector or other importing organizations in developing countries. The book covers procurement terminology and...

This guide, aimed at trainers in developing countries, defines concept of international purchasing and supplies management. It focuses on practical aspects related to planning, implementation and...

This study provides guidelines on petroleum procurement requirements. It reviews international market structure; discusses problems encountered by developing countries; covers transportation aspects...

This guide on handling imported material inputs aimed at manufacturing enterprises reviews the importance and the role of purchasing in the context of production planning and management; covers...