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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is recognized as an appropriate driving force for economic growth. To attract investment, countries have to meet set requirements. These requirements also apply to the...

This collection of papers and proceedings submitted by leading figures in the gas industry in Europe, North America and the Commonwealth of Independent States, deals with key issues and gives a unique...

Migration is a regular feature of life in the Horn of Africa. It takes multiple forms and is driven by numerous factors, including personal aspirations, economic exclusion and forced displacement as a...

The COVID-19 pandemic that swept over the world from early 2020 has triggered both health and economic shocks of unprecedented proportions in recent memory. Some estimates suggest that the...

What difference does a dollar a day make? For the poorest households in Jordan, many of whom escaped conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic, UNICEF Jordan’s Hajati humanitarian cash transfer programme...

The COVID-19 pandemic led to school closures around the world, affecting almost 1.6 billion students. The effects of even short disruptions in a child’s schooling on their learning and well-being have...

To identify best practices in S4D programming and achieve a stronger evidence base on how S4D interventions can work effectively, the Playing the Game report and Toolkit draw on ten qualitative in...

Teacher absenteeism is one of the most troubling obstacles on the path toward universal access to learning opportunities at school. Over the past decades, studies have found that teacher absenteeism...

The international standards for teaching time in a year are 880 hours. In The Gambia, dedicated teaching time in a year is 734 hours. This reduced time is exacerbated by teacher absenteeism that...

COVID-19 lockdowns have significantly disrupted the daily lives of children and adolescents, with increased time at home, online learning and limited physical social interaction. This report seeks to...

COVID-19 is a crisis like no other in modern times. It has reached every population and community. While the evidence base is still nascent, this report looks at the impacts of disasters and past...

This report considers the interaction between the national economy and the environment in the former Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia. It concludes that the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power...

This study offers a practical and stimulating discussion on growth in market economies. Reflecting back as far as 1950 and projecting into the year 2000, it provides an historical view and guidance on...

This paper focuses on the economic aspects of Perestroika and how it affected the economic reforms and developments in the former Soviet Union, Europe and the world. Experts present the original...

This publication offers a detailed analysis of the policy options and choices of the European countries after the Second World War. The policies are important for managing the economic reforms in...

This publication discusses the overall economic position in the Eastern countries giving a long-term historical perspective and short-term prospects. It views the social and economic order aimed at by...

The service sector, including personal and collective services, has been written about in many economic publications. However, most of them focus on selected branches such as health, education and...

Because of the exceptional events in central and eastern Europe this round-table discussion centers on the transition economies. It focuses on the unexpected sharp fall in output and the resulting...

This study analyzes the link between inflation and unemployment as it presents a summary of facts comparing western Europe with the United States and Japan. It provides the different explanations on...

This publication reviews and discusses future developments of energy/gas prices and competition and gas supply prospects. It focuses on central and eastern European countries (CEEs) gas markets and...