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Today, there are over 20 countries classified as transition economies. It is undeniable that a basic and essential challenge for all transition economies is still the attraction of investment and, in...

This publication summarizes the proceedings of the Round Table on Standards, Norms and Regulations and their Impact on International Trade, focused primarily on central and eastern European countries...

This publication discusses the different aspects of transition Poland has experienced during the last decade. The guide looks at encouraging private entrepreneurship; problems of stock exchanges in a...

The development of foreign trade in the transition economies depends largely on the availability of competitive exports and convertible currency funds for imports. This publication addresses practical...

Previous reports by the UNCTAD secretariat have examined the steps that need to be taken in the trading system and in international development finance cooperation to create the requisite external...

The rapid development of the services sector in domestic and international trade has been a major feature of the world’s economic development over the last thirty or more years. At the same time...

Africa has major development aspirations in the broader context of a global and continental economic development agenda. This calls for substantial financial resources at a time when the global...

This report reviews Africa’s development in the 1990s and analyses the domestic and external impediments to sustained and rapid growth in Africa. It discusses inter alia policy options for enhancing...

This edition highlights how intra-African migration is of relevance to the agenda for regional and continental integration and shows that there are still many knowledge gaps, including on the...

Tourism - in terms of its contribution to GDP, employment and trade - is a critical sector for many African economies, and its growth is increasingly driven by tourists originating from the continent...

This report is taken from the deliberations that took place at the workshop, Practical Aspects of Trade Finance in CIS Countries with Special Reference to Problems Encountered by Small and Medium...

This brief publication aims to provide useful information for formulating technical assistance projects for Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia (EECCA) countries. The publication provides a...

The accession of eight Central and Eastern European transition countries and two Mediterranean countries to the European Union was the most significant enlargement in scope and diversity in the...

The 2006 report on Economic Development in Africa examines how the commitment by the international community to double aid to Africa might place the continent on a sustainable development path. The...

Africa’s particular combination of geographical, historical and structural features has traditionally attracted Foreign Direct Investment into enclaves of export-oriented primary production with...

The report examines how African countries can work towards diversifying their exports by identifying feasible and innovative mechanisms for investment and trade policies to drive incentives to divert...

The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) represents a historic opportunity for the continent to boost intra-African trade and accelerate structural transformation. However, this relies on a...

In the context of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the international community has set itself a target of reducing poverty by half by the year 2015. Many observers have now come to the...

The purpose of the UNECE Trade and Investment Guides is to assist countries in transition, as well as economic actors in other countries, in becoming familiar with best practices in the areas of trade...

In the aftermath of COVID-19 (coronavirus), African countries will need to intensify their resource mobilization efforts to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda. The Economic Development in...