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The Trade and Biodiversity Product Classification

The Trade and Biodiversity Product Classification

Measuring Trade in Products with a Biological Origin

( PDF: November 2023 )

This report assesses the Trade and Biodiversity (TraBio) statistical tool and related TraBio product classification developed by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) with...

This report assesses the Trade and Biodiversity (TraBio) statistical tool and related TraBio product classification developed by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) with...


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Understanding Voluntary Sustainability Standards

Understanding Voluntary Sustainability Standards

A Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats Analysis

( PDF: July 2023 )

Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS) have emerged as key governance tools in global value chains and provide an avenue for enabling sustainable production and consumption practices. The rapid...

Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS) have emerged as key governance tools in global value chains and provide an avenue for enabling sustainable production and consumption practices. The rapid...


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Promoting Food Security Through Non-tariff Measures: From Costs to Benefits

Promoting Food Security Through Non-tariff Measures: From Costs to Benefits

( PDF: March 2024 )

The objective of this report is to decrypt the complex linkages across the four pillars of food security: accessibility, availability, stability, and utilization. It quantifies impacts and offers...

The objective of this report is to decrypt the complex linkages across the four pillars of food security: accessibility, availability, stability, and utilization. It quantifies impacts and offers...


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Generalized System of Preferences: Handbook on the Scheme of the European Union

( PDF: March 2022 )

UNCTAD’s GSP Handbook series promotes greater awareness among exporters and government officials in developing countries on trading opportunities available under the GSP and a better understanding of...

UNCTAD’s GSP Handbook series promotes greater awareness among exporters and government officials in developing countries on trading opportunities available under the GSP and a better understanding of...


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Enabling Concerted Multilateral Action on Plastic Pollution and Plastics Substitutes

( PDF: April 2022 )

Turning the tide on plastic pollution requires multiple parallel and inclusive responses within the United Nations and the multilateral trading system to succeed. Improvements in trade and domestic...

Turning the tide on plastic pollution requires multiple parallel and inclusive responses within the United Nations and the multilateral trading system to succeed. Improvements in trade and domestic...


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Access by Consumers to Essential Services: Energy, Water and Sanitation

( Print: July 2022, PDF: August 2022 )

The present report aims to provide policy makers with background on the emerging trends and considerations as well as policy options, focusing on the key requirements for inclusive and affordable...

The present report aims to provide policy makers with background on the emerging trends and considerations as well as policy options, focusing on the key requirements for inclusive and affordable...


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Key Statistics and Trends in International Trade 2021

The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on International Trade

Series: Key Statistics and Trends in International Trade
( Print: June 2022, PDF: April 2022 )

Key Statistics and Trends in International Trade is a yearly publication. It is a product of the Trade Analysis Branch, Division on International Trade and Commodities (DITC), UNCTAD secretariat. This...

Key Statistics and Trends in International Trade is a yearly publication. It is a product of the Trade Analysis Branch, Division on International Trade and Commodities (DITC), UNCTAD secretariat. This...


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Voluntary Peer Review of Competition Law and Policy - Bangladesh

( Print: October 2022, PDF: October 2022 )

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) voluntary peer reviews of competition law and policies are conducted at annual meetings of the Intergovernmental Group of Experts on...

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) voluntary peer reviews of competition law and policies are conducted at annual meetings of the Intergovernmental Group of Experts on...


Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Export Potential to the European Union

Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS) – Feasibility Study

( Print: June 2021, PDF: June 2021 )

This report assesses the Caribbean Community’s (CARICOM) agriculture and aquaculture export potential to the European Union through the utilization of Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS). The UN...

This report assesses the Caribbean Community’s (CARICOM) agriculture and aquaculture export potential to the European Union through the utilization of Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS). The UN...


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Examen voluntario entre homólogos del derecho y la política de protección del consumidor de Chile

( PDF: August 2021 )

La resolución 70/186 de la Asamblea General ordena al Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos en Derecho y Políticas de Protección del Consumidor que lleve a cabo exámenes voluntarios entre homólogos...

La resolución 70/186 de la Asamblea General ordena al Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos en Derecho y Políticas de Protección del Consumidor que lleve a cabo exámenes voluntarios entre homólogos...


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State of Commodity Dependence 2021

Series: The State of Commodity Dependence
( Print: October 2021, PDF: October 2021 )

This 2021 edition of the State of Commodity Dependence contains statistical profiles for 195 UNCTAD member States. Comprised of around 30 indicators, it demonstrates the extent of each country’s...

This 2021 edition of the State of Commodity Dependence contains statistical profiles for 195 UNCTAD member States. Comprised of around 30 indicators, it demonstrates the extent of each country’s...


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Better Trade for Sustainable Development

The Role of Voluntary Sustainability Standards

( Print: October 2021, PDF: November 2021 )

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development defines international trade as “an engine for inclusive economic growth and poverty reduction, [that] contributes to the promotion of sustainable...

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development defines international trade as “an engine for inclusive economic growth and poverty reduction, [that] contributes to the promotion of sustainable...


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Key Statistics and Trends in International Trade 2020

Trade Trends Under the COVID-19 Pandemic

Series: Key Statistics and Trends in International Trade
( Print: March 2021, PDF: April 2021 )

This publication is structured into two parts. The first part presents a short-term overview of the status of international trade using preliminary statistics on merchandise trade up to the third...

This publication is structured into two parts. The first part presents a short-term overview of the status of international trade using preliminary statistics on merchandise trade up to the third...


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Voluntary Sustainability Standards in International Trade (Arabic language)

Voluntary Sustainability Standards in International Trade (Arabic language)

( PDF: December 2023 )

This handbook provides an introduction to Voluntary Sustainability Standards as instruments to make international trade more sustainable. Chapter 1 sets out to describe what VSS are, how they have...

This handbook provides an introduction to Voluntary Sustainability Standards as instruments to make international trade more sustainable. Chapter 1 sets out to describe what VSS are, how they have...


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Voluntary Sustainability Standards in International Trade

Voluntary Sustainability Standards in International Trade

( Print: April 2023, PDF: April 2023 )

This handbook provides an introduction to Voluntary Sustainability Standards as instruments to make international trade more sustainable. Chapter 1 sets out to describe what VSS are, how they have...

This handbook provides an introduction to Voluntary Sustainability Standards as instruments to make international trade more sustainable. Chapter 1 sets out to describe what VSS are, how they have...


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Normas voluntarias de sostenibilidad en el comercio internacional

Normas voluntarias de sostenibilidad en el comercio internacional

( PDF: August 2023 )

Este informe ofrece una introducción a las NVS como instrumentos para mejorar la sostenibilidad del comercio internacional. En el capítulo I se describen las NVS, su creación y su evolución. Se...

Este informe ofrece una introducción a las NVS como instrumentos para mejorar la sostenibilidad del comercio internacional. En el capítulo I se describen las NVS, su creación y su evolución. Se...


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Linking Trade and Biodiversity

( PDF: November 2020 )

UNCTAD convened the 5th BioTrade Congress "Linking trade and biodiversity" to provide a platform for substantive discussion among trade, biodiversity and development decision-makers and practitioners...

UNCTAD convened the 5th BioTrade Congress "Linking trade and biodiversity" to provide a platform for substantive discussion among trade, biodiversity and development decision-makers and practitioners...


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Competition Compliance Programs: The Experience of Latin America

Competition Compliance Programs: The Experience of Latin America

( Print: March 2024, PDF: December 2023 )

The study provides an overview of the antitrust compliance programmes currently being implemented in Latin America. It also offers a synthesis of the best practices in the application of these...

The study provides an overview of the antitrust compliance programmes currently being implemented in Latin America. It also offers a synthesis of the best practices in the application of these...


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Guidelines for the Collection of Data on Official Non-tariff Measures: 2023 Edition

Guidelines for the Collection of Data on Official Non-tariff Measures: 2023 Edition

( Print: December 2023, PDF: December 2023 )

In recent decades, multilateral and regional trade negotiations and unilateral liberalization have substantially reduced tariff rates. Non-tariff measures (NTMs), however, represent a growing...

In recent decades, multilateral and regional trade negotiations and unilateral liberalization have substantially reduced tariff rates. Non-tariff measures (NTMs), however, represent a growing...


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Lignes directrices pour la collecte de données sur les mesures non tarifaires officielles: Édition de 2023

Lignes directrices pour la collecte de données sur les mesures non tarifaires officielles: Édition...

( PDF: April 2024 )

Au cours des dernières décennies, les négociations commerciales multilatérales et régionales et la libéralisation unilatérale ont permis de réduire fortement les taux de droits de douane. Les mesures...

Au cours des dernières décennies, les négociations commerciales multilatérales et régionales et la libéralisation unilatérale ont permis de réduire fortement les taux de droits de douane. Les mesures...