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The ecosystem approach to the management of oceans and their resources was consolidated in Agenda 21. Practical application of this approach is still in early stages of development by regional...

This publication presents a regional overview on land-based sources and activities affecting the marine, coastal and associated freshwater environment in the Wider Caribbean Region. The report...

While the natural resources of this part of the Middle East have supported the coastal populations for thousands of years, the marine environment has recently been degraded as a result of a wide range...

The Global Programme of Action of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities was adopted in November 1995. The goal of this programme is to prevent the degradation of the marine environment...

The 2017 Commodities and Development Report investigates the transmission channels through which commodity dependence affects micro- and macro-level development outcomes, examines long-term commodity...

Smallholder farmers constitute the largest contingent of the poor and yet they produce more than 80 per cent of the world's food, in value terms. Though there are marked differences by country and...

The Commodities and Development Report 2012, released during the 13th session of UNCTAD, shows that developing countries suffer from high prices for commodities and food, in particular Least Developed...

This report highlights pathways to economic diversification in commodity-dependent developing countries in an environment where decarbonization of the global economy has become the overarching...

This reference book covers whale distribution, behaviour and migration; highlighting the threats that small cetaceans are exposed to. With the exception of the sperm whale, all 72 species of toothed...

Commodity dependence is a trap: once a country is commodity dependent, it is difficult to develop a productive sector out of commodities and export non-commodity products. This publication argues that...

This report explores key aspects of the two-way relationship between commodities and climate change, discusses the concept of natural resource conversion and explores its application to renewable and...

This publication aims at assisting the countries of the West and Central African region in their efforts to protect the marine environment and achieve sustainable development. It provides data and...

Coral Reefs are among the world’s richest and most spectacular ecosystems. Their contribution to marine biodiversity is enormous. More than one billion people in the tropics benefit directly from...

The Regional Seas Programme, launched in 1974 in the wake of the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm, aims to address the accelerating degradation of the world’s...

This publication provides an overview of activities affecting the Marine, coastal and freshwater environment in the Pacific Islands region. It identifies and assesses the problems related to each...

The objective of this report is to provide an overview of the key socio-economic, management and governance issues relating to the conservation and sustainable use of deep-sea ecosystems and...

This report comprises recommendations of a Workshop on Implementation of the Global Programme of Action (GPA) for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-Based Activities. It also includes...