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The increasing efforts of developing countries and economies in transition to attract foreign investment have led over the years to the establishment of investment promotion agencies or similar...

Foreign direct investment flows to the Arab world as a whole remain modest and have not kept pace with the upward global trend. This publication presents an overview of the main issues and challenges...

The concept of fair and equitable treatment, which has assumed prominence in investment relations between States, provides a yardstick by which relations between foreign direct investors and...

Section I of the book contains an explanation of the concept of transparency as it is understood in the context of international investment agreements. Section II provides a review of current treaty...

In this publication, Section I defines the concepts of direct and indirect expropriation and reviews the variety of measures that can constitute an expropriation. Section II focuses on the core issue...