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This publication offers insight into the effects of long-range transboundary air pollution. Its discussion covers the following areas: ten years of monitoring forest condition in Europe; the role of...

Standards and regulations are an integral, if easily overlooked, part of our daily life. They determine whether a plug fits into a socket, whether food is safe for human consumption or whether a bank...

The UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, adopted in 1979, is the first international legally binding instrument to address problems of air pollution on a broad regional basis...

This report looks at the missing link to inclusive growth for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), which are less productive relative to large firms in the developing world than in the developed world...

This year’s report focuses on regional trade, the most common form of trade for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It contains 50 country profiles, featuring detailed SME competitiveness...

This paper discusses why the UNECE countries have chosen rather different models of welfare state and, more generally, alternative policies to fight poverty. In particular, the paper focuses upon why...

The objective of the “Blue book” is to establish an inventory of existing and envisaged standards and parameters of E waterways and ports in Europe and to show, on an internationally comparable basis...

This Paper argues that the challenges posed by resource dependence can be overcome if accompanied by the right economic policies. It then analyzes what these policies are, and how to set up economic...

This SME Competitiveness Outlook assesses the impact of conflict and fragility on business performance. It unveils a Fragility Exposure Index, and shows that fragility, as experienced by firms, can be...

Our services sectors are key to an economic transformation. This report calls them ‘connected services. Transport and logistics, financial services, information and communication technologies, and...

The Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, adopted 25 years ago, is the oldest of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe environmental conventions. This Handbook presents a...

The publication of this book marks the 25th anniversary of the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, one of the oldest and more successful multilateral international treaties...

The SME Competitiveness Outlook 2021 analyses how small businesses can rebuild from the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic so they are better prepared to face the looming crisis of climate change. It...

Increasing annual investments in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries by $1 trilling would yield disproportionate dividends in terms of progress towards the Sustainable...

The continued growth of the European Union (EU) will have important economic consequences both for the EU member states and for their trading partners, especially those at the new borders of the...

New technologies like advanced robotics, 3-D printing, big data and the internet of things are rapidly changing the way in which firms do business. A strong business ecosystem is necessary to manage...

This paper discusses the role of institutions in economic development. The author puts forward an argument that the considerable gap in real income per capita between richer and poorer countries...

These Guidelines assist parties in meeting their emission reporting obligations under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution and its protocols. They provide suggestions on reporting...