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Transfer of Technology

Series: UNCTAD Series on Issues in International Investment Agreements (Series One)
( Print: February 2002 )

This paper discusses the issue of technology transfer in the context of international investment agreements (IIAs) and is divided into four main sections. The first section is an explanation of the...

This paper discusses the issue of technology transfer in the context of international investment agreements (IIAs) and is divided into four main sections. The first section is an explanation of the...


Trends in International Investment Agreements

An Overview

Series: UNCTAD Series on Issues in International Investment Agreements (Series One)
( Print: March 2000 )

In the past four decades, national and international legal policies and rules concerning foreign direct investment (FDI) have repeatedly changed. This paper provides an overview of the developments in...

In the past four decades, national and international legal policies and rules concerning foreign direct investment (FDI) have repeatedly changed. This paper provides an overview of the developments in...


Lessons from the MAI

Series: UNCTAD Series on Issues in International Investment Agreements (Series One)
( Print: March 2000 )

This publication considers the factors that contributed to the decision of the members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development to discontinue the negotiations on the Multilateral...

This publication considers the factors that contributed to the decision of the members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development to discontinue the negotiations on the Multilateral...


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Illicit Payments

Series: UNCTAD Series on Issues in International Investment Agreements (Series One)
( Print: November 2001 )

This paper examines the topic of transnational bribery in the context of international investment agreements (IIAs), as well as other international instruments that address issues related to the...

This paper examines the topic of transnational bribery in the context of international investment agreements (IIAs), as well as other international instruments that address issues related to the...


Home Country Measures

Series: UNCTAD Series on Issues in International Investment Agreements (Series One)
( Print: December 2001 )

Most international negotiations on foreign direct investment focus on issues involving the paired relationship between transnational corporations and host countries. This publication discusses the...

Most international negotiations on foreign direct investment focus on issues involving the paired relationship between transnational corporations and host countries. This publication discusses the...


Foreign Direct Investment and Development

Series: UNCTAD Series on Issues in International Investment Agreements (Series One)
( Print: June 1999 )

The importance of foreign direct investment for development has dramatically increased in recent years. This concise study offers balanced and easily accessible analysis of the issues involved...

The importance of foreign direct investment for development has dramatically increased in recent years. This concise study offers balanced and easily accessible analysis of the issues involved...


Investment-Related Trade Measures

Series: UNCTAD Series on Issues in International Investment Agreements (Series One)
( Print: August 1999 )

Investment-related trade measures help shape the attractiveness of the investment climate by altering trade conditions associated with a given country or region. This concise study offers balanced and...

Investment-related trade measures help shape the attractiveness of the investment climate by altering trade conditions associated with a given country or region. This concise study offers balanced and...


Scope and Definition

Series: UNCTAD Series on Issues in International Investment Agreements (Series One)
( Print: June 1999 )

Investment agreements must specify not only their geographical and temporal coverage but, and most importantly, their subject-matter coverage, which is done primarily through the provisions on...

Investment agreements must specify not only their geographical and temporal coverage but, and most importantly, their subject-matter coverage, which is done primarily through the provisions on...


Transfer Pricing

Series: UNCTAD Series on Issues in International Investment Agreements (Series One)
( Print: June 1999 )

Transfer pricing methods raise important and contentious policy questions for both host and home governments, as well as transnational corporations, as they directly affect the amount of profit...

Transfer pricing methods raise important and contentious policy questions for both host and home governments, as well as transnational corporations, as they directly affect the amount of profit...


Admission and Establishment

Series: UNCTAD Series on Issues in International Investment Agreements (Series One)
( Print: May 1999 )

The legal and policy options surrounding the admission and establishment of foreign direct investment by transnational corporations into host countries, is a topic that raises questions central to...

The legal and policy options surrounding the admission and establishment of foreign direct investment by transnational corporations into host countries, is a topic that raises questions central to...


Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment

Series: UNCTAD Series on Issues in International Investment Agreements (Series One)
( Print: June 1999 )

The most-favoured-nation treatment (MFN) standard is a core element of international investment agreements, it gives investors a guarantee against certain forms of discrimination by host countries...

The most-favoured-nation treatment (MFN) standard is a core element of international investment agreements, it gives investors a guarantee against certain forms of discrimination by host countries...


Fair and Equitable Treatment

Series: UNCTAD Series on Issues in International Investment Agreements (Series One)
( Print: September 1999 )

The concept of fair and equitable treatment, which has assumed prominence in investment relations between States, provides a yardstick by which relations between foreign direct investors and...

The concept of fair and equitable treatment, which has assumed prominence in investment relations between States, provides a yardstick by which relations between foreign direct investors and...


National Treatment

Series: UNCTAD Series on Issues in International Investment Agreements (Series One)
( Print: November 1999 )

In international investment agreements, the national treatment standard extended by a host country to foreign investors, touches upon economically and politically sensitive issues as it seeks to...

In international investment agreements, the national treatment standard extended by a host country to foreign investors, touches upon economically and politically sensitive issues as it seeks to...


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Information Economy Report 2013: The Cloud Economy and Developing Countries

The Cloud Economy and Developing Countries

Series: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Information Economy Report (IER)
( Print: January 2014, PDF: December 2013 )

The Information Economy Report 2013 contributes a nuanced appraisal of the potential role and value of cloud computing in developing and transition economies. It does so by looking at three main areas...

The Information Economy Report 2013 contributes a nuanced appraisal of the potential role and value of cloud computing in developing and transition economies. It does so by looking at three main areas...


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Information Economy Report 2015: Unlocking the Potential of E-commerce for Developing Countries

Unlocking the Potential of E-commerce for Developing Countries

Series: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Information Economy Report (IER)
( Print: May 2015, PDF: June 2015 )

Electronic commerce (e-commerce) is rapidly transforming the way in which enterprises are interacting among each other as well as with consumers and governments. Despite important potential benefits...

Electronic commerce (e-commerce) is rapidly transforming the way in which enterprises are interacting among each other as well as with consumers and governments. Despite important potential benefits...


Taking of Property

Series: UNCTAD Series on Issues in International Investment Agreements (Series One)
( Print: March 2000 )

The taking of private assets by public authorities raises significant issues of international law, where such takings involve the assets of foreign private investors. This publication examines the...

The taking of private assets by public authorities raises significant issues of international law, where such takings involve the assets of foreign private investors. This publication examines the...


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Information Economy Report 2017

Digitalization, Trade and Development

Series: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Information Economy Report (IER)
( Print: January 2018, PDF: December 2017 )

The Information Economy Report 2017 analyzes the evolving digital economy and its implications for trade and development. While these are still early days of the digital economy, it is already clear...

The Information Economy Report 2017 analyzes the evolving digital economy and its implications for trade and development. While these are still early days of the digital economy, it is already clear...


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Information Economy Report 2006

The Development Perspective

Series: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Information Economy Report (IER)
( Print: December 2006, PDF: October 2006 )

The present edition of the Report provides unique data on the adoption of ICT by enterprises in developing countries. It also explores ICT policy options in a developing-country context and proposes a...

The present edition of the Report provides unique data on the adoption of ICT by enterprises in developing countries. It also explores ICT policy options in a developing-country context and proposes a...


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Information Economy Report 2005

E-Commerce and Development

Series: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Information Economy Report (IER)
( Print: December 2005, PDF: December 2005 )

This Report illustrates the vigorous efforts being undertaken by many developing countries to catch up with their more developed partners in the dissemination and use of ICT. However, it also shows...

This Report illustrates the vigorous efforts being undertaken by many developing countries to catch up with their more developed partners in the dissemination and use of ICT. However, it also shows...


Taxation

Series: UNCTAD Series on Issues in International Investment Agreements (Series One)
( Print: August 2000 )

This publication describes how various international tax issues related to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) have been addressed in international investment agreements (IIAs) and in international tax...

This publication describes how various international tax issues related to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) have been addressed in international investment agreements (IIAs) and in international tax...