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Measuring Restrictions on FDI in Services in Developing Countries and Transition Economies

Series: UNCTAD Current Studies on FDI and Development
( Print: October 2006, PDF: October 2006 )

The world economy has shifted markedly towards services. Services are critical to the development of a competitive business sector, however, foreign direct investment in services can generate concerns...

The world economy has shifted markedly towards services. Services are critical to the development of a competitive business sector, however, foreign direct investment in services can generate concerns...


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The Universe of the Largest Transnational Corporations

Series: UNCTAD Current Studies on FDI and Development
( Print: December 2007, PDF: January 2008 )

The publication analyses the universe of the largest transnational corporations TNCs globally and those from developing countries, the market concentration of these firms and the internationalization...

The publication analyses the universe of the largest transnational corporations TNCs globally and those from developing countries, the market concentration of these firms and the internationalization...


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FDI in Tourism

The Development Dimension

Series: UNCTAD Current Studies on FDI and Development
( Print: March 2008, PDF: October 2008 )

Many developing countries are looking to tourism as a potentially promising avenue for economic and human development. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is one of the routes through which developing...

Many developing countries are looking to tourism as a potentially promising avenue for economic and human development. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is one of the routes through which developing...


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Elimination of TRIMs

The Experience of Selected Developing Countries

Series: UNCTAD Current Studies on FDI and Development
( Print: March 2008, PDF: April 2008 )

The publication examines how six countries (Argentina, Mexico, Pakistan, Philippines, Ethiopia and Viet Nam) have been affected by the elimination of Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs). The...

The publication examines how six countries (Argentina, Mexico, Pakistan, Philippines, Ethiopia and Viet Nam) have been affected by the elimination of Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs). The...


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FDI and Tourism

The Development Dimension - East and Southern Africa

Series: UNCTAD Current Studies on FDI and Development
( Print: January 2009, PDF: December 2010 )

Many developing countries are looking to tourism as a potentially promising avenue for economic and human development, and foreign direct investment (FDI) is one of the routes through which they can...

Many developing countries are looking to tourism as a potentially promising avenue for economic and human development, and foreign direct investment (FDI) is one of the routes through which they can...


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Republic of Zambia Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment

Republic of Zambia Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment

Series: eTrade Readiness Assessment
( PDF: May 2018 )

The Zambia Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment is the fourteenth such assessment conducted by UNCTAD and the second in Eastern and Southern Africa. There is significant potential for e-commerce...

The Zambia Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment is the fourteenth such assessment conducted by UNCTAD and the second in Eastern and Southern Africa. There is significant potential for e-commerce...


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Solomon Islands Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment

Solomon Islands Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment

Series: eTrade Readiness Assessment
( PDF: October 2018 )

The Solomon Islands Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment is the tenth such assessment conducted by UNCTAD and the third for a Pacific Islands Nation. The Solomon Islands economy is undergoing a...

The Solomon Islands Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment is the tenth such assessment conducted by UNCTAD and the third for a Pacific Islands Nation. The Solomon Islands economy is undergoing a...


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Bhutan Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment

Bhutan Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment

Series: eTrade Readiness Assessment
( PDF: April 2017 )

Bhutan is a latecomer to the ICT space, with the earliest efforts at introducing TV or other forms of information and communications technologies (ICTs) dating back to 1999. The country is therefore...

Bhutan is a latecomer to the ICT space, with the earliest efforts at introducing TV or other forms of information and communications technologies (ICTs) dating back to 1999. The country is therefore...


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Republic of Vanuatu Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment

Republic of Vanuatu Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment

Series: eTrade Readiness Assessment
( PDF: April 2018 )

The Vanuatu Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment is the ninth such assessment conducted by UNCTAD and the third for a Pacific Islands Nation, after Samoa in July 2017 and Solomon Islands in March 2018...

The Vanuatu Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment is the ninth such assessment conducted by UNCTAD and the third for a Pacific Islands Nation, after Samoa in July 2017 and Solomon Islands in March 2018...


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Lao People’s Democratic Republic Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment

Lao People’s Democratic Republic Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment

Series: eTrade Readiness Assessment
( PDF: April 2018 )

The Lao PDR Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment is the seventh such assessment conducted by UNCTAD and the third for an ASEAN LDC after Cambodia (December 2016) and Myanmar (November 2017). Lao PDR is...

The Lao PDR Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment is the seventh such assessment conducted by UNCTAD and the third for an ASEAN LDC after Cambodia (December 2016) and Myanmar (November 2017). Lao PDR is...


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Myanmar Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment

Myanmar Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment

Series: eTrade Readiness Assessment
( PDF: May 2018 )

The Myanmar Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment is the fifth such assessment conducted by UNCTAD and the second for an ASEAN LDC after Cambodia (December 2016). Myanmar is currently best described as a...

The Myanmar Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment is the fifth such assessment conducted by UNCTAD and the second for an ASEAN LDC after Cambodia (December 2016). Myanmar is currently best described as a...


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Liberia Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment

Liberia Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment

Series: eTrade Readiness Assessment
( PDF: May 2018 )

Liberia is at an important juncture in its development trajectory. Since the last decade, the country has embraced a private sector led growth model, which is now gathering pace. The policy...

Liberia is at an important juncture in its development trajectory. Since the last decade, the country has embraced a private sector led growth model, which is now gathering pace. The policy...


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Nepal Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment

Nepal Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment

Series: eTrade Readiness Assessment
( PDF: April 2017 )

The Nepal Rapid e-Trade Readiness Assessment is the fourth such assessment conducted by UNCTAD. The e-commerce industry in Nepal is at a nascent stage and represents an underexplored market. The fast...

The Nepal Rapid e-Trade Readiness Assessment is the fourth such assessment conducted by UNCTAD. The e-commerce industry in Nepal is at a nascent stage and represents an underexplored market. The fast...


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Samoa Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment

Samoa Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment

Series: eTrade Readiness Assessment
( PDF: June 2017 )

The Samoa Rapid e-Trade Readiness Assessment is the third such assessment conducted by UNCTAD. With the accelerated opening up of the economy and telecommunication developments resulting in more...

The Samoa Rapid e-Trade Readiness Assessment is the third such assessment conducted by UNCTAD. With the accelerated opening up of the economy and telecommunication developments resulting in more...


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Cambodia Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment

Cambodia Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment

Series: eTrade Readiness Assessment
( PDF: February 2017 )

The first e-Trade Readiness assessment was conducted in Cambodia in November-December 2016. The potential for e-commerce development is significant in Cambodia, promising to diversify the economy...

The first e-Trade Readiness assessment was conducted in Cambodia in November-December 2016. The potential for e-commerce development is significant in Cambodia, promising to diversify the economy...


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TNCs and the Removal of Textiles and Clothing Quotas

Series: UNCTAD Current Studies on FDI and Development
( Print: March 2006, PDF: October 2006 )

For developing countries, the textiles and clothing industries have traditionally been an important gateway to industrialization and increased exports. With the expiration of the Agreement on Textiles...

For developing countries, the textiles and clothing industries have traditionally been an important gateway to industrialization and increased exports. With the expiration of the Agreement on Textiles...


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Ghana eTrade Readiness Assessment

Series: eTrade Readiness Assessment
( Print: December 2023, PDF: November 2023 )

The eTrade Readiness Assessment of Ghana expands UNCTADs ongoing e-commerce technical assistance in West Africa, in alignment with the ECOWAS E-Commerce Strategy adopted in July 2023. Building on...

The eTrade Readiness Assessment of Ghana expands UNCTADs ongoing e-commerce technical assistance in West Africa, in alignment with the ECOWAS E-Commerce Strategy adopted in July 2023. Building on...


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Jordan eTrade Readiness Assessment

Series: eTrade Readiness Assessment
( PDF: April 2022 )

E-commerce presents an important opportunity to address some of the major challenges faced by the Jordanian economy and to become a driver of sustainable economic growth. Jordan has experienced an...

E-commerce presents an important opportunity to address some of the major challenges faced by the Jordanian economy and to become a driver of sustainable economic growth. Jordan has experienced an...


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Kenya eTrade Readiness Assessment

Series: eTrade Readiness Assessment
( Print: July 2022, PDF: July 2022 )

The Kenya eTrade Readiness Assessment is the fifth assessment conducted by UNCTAD in a non-LDC country and follows an enhanced methodology. As per this methodology, surveys were disseminated as part...

The Kenya eTrade Readiness Assessment is the fifth assessment conducted by UNCTAD in a non-LDC country and follows an enhanced methodology. As per this methodology, surveys were disseminated as part...


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Member States of the Economic Community of West African States eTrade Readiness Assessment

Series: eTrade Readiness Assessment
( Print: November 2022, PDF: December 2022 )

The present assessment is part of the development of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) e-commerce strategy, for which UNCTAD was referred by the ECOWAS Commission in 2020. It...

The present assessment is part of the development of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) e-commerce strategy, for which UNCTAD was referred by the ECOWAS Commission in 2020. It...