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This Report reveals efforts of the Halons Technical Options Committee (HTOC) to identify, develop and test alternatives that can used in place of the halons. Under the Montreal Protocol on Substances...

Report of the Flexible and Rigid Foams Technical Options Committee (FTOC) provides information on the technical options available to eliminate chloroflurocarbons and use of other ozone depleting...

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer requires periodic assessments of available scientific, environmental, technical and economic information. This 2002 Assessment focuses...

The Methyl Bromide Technical Options Committee (MBTOC) was established by parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer to identify existing and potential alternatives to...

In the last decade, the refrigeration, airconditioning and heat pump industries, have made tremendous technical progress in compyling with the Montreal Protocol by phasing out chlorofluorocarbons...

Report of the Solvents and Adhesives Technical Options Committee (STOC) 2002 provides the progress report and status of efforts by this committee to phase out the use of solvents, coatings and...

The Report of the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel 2002 (TEAP) contains executive summaries from six Panel Technical Options Committees. The committee summaries included cover aerosols...

In response to the scientific consensus that chlorofluorocarbons and halons deplete the ozone layer, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) enacted the Montreal Protocol as the principal...

This paper discusses why the UNECE countries have chosen rather different models of welfare state and, more generally, alternative policies to fight poverty. In particular, the paper focuses upon why...

The objective of the “Blue book” is to establish an inventory of existing and envisaged standards and parameters of E waterways and ports in Europe and to show, on an internationally comparable basis...

This Paper argues that the challenges posed by resource dependence can be overcome if accompanied by the right economic policies. It then analyzes what these policies are, and how to set up economic...

Key Statistics and Trends in International Trade is a yearly publication. It is a product of the Trade Analysis Branch, Division on International Trade and Commodities (DITC), UNCTAD secretariat. This...

This annual publication monitors the trends of international trade in goods and services in the medium term. The series is part of a larger effort by UNCTAD to analyse trade-related issues of...

This publication is a special edition of the "Key Statistics and Trends in International Trade" series. It is structured into three parts. The first part presents an overview of Africa in the world...

This publication is structured into two parts. The first part presents a short-term overview of the status of international trade using preliminary statistics on merchandise trade up to the third...

The continued growth of the European Union (EU) will have important economic consequences both for the EU member states and for their trading partners, especially those at the new borders of the...

Trade trends during the last three years have been greatly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. During 2020, the economic disruptions brought about by COVID-19 resulted in a decline of international...

This paper discusses the role of institutions in economic development. The author puts forward an argument that the considerable gap in real income per capita between richer and poorer countries...