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This report presents the GIWA assessment of the Caspian Sea – the largest land-locked water body on earth, bordered by five countries and influenced by three more in the catchment area. The assessment...

This report presents the results of the GIWA assessment of the Sea of Okhotsk region. Rapid population growth and economic development have led to increasing pollution loads in the Amur River basin...

This report presents the results of the GIWA assessment of the Oyashio Current region – one of the most productive waters in East Asia. Changes in the hydrological cycle and ocean circulation have...

This report presents the assessment of Lakes Turkana, Tanganyika, Victoria and Malawi – the largest of the East African Rift Valley Lakes and among the oldest lakes in the world. The lakes are...

This report presents the GIWA assessment of the Mekong River region. Rapid economic development and population growth are increasing the demand for water, energy and food, necessitating more hydro...

This report presents the GIWA assessment of the Humboldt Current region. The world’s largest upwelling area, supporting highly productive fisheries, is located within the boundaries of the region. The...

This report presents the assessment of the GIWA Eastern Equatorial Pacific region, which includes parts of Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia. Pollution in the...

This report presents the results of the GIWA assessment of the Colombia & Venezuela and Central America & Mexico sub-systems. In the Colombia & Venezuela sub-system, coastal habitats are being...

The Zambia Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment is the fourteenth such assessment conducted by UNCTAD and the second in Eastern and Southern Africa. There is significant potential for e-commerce...

The Solomon Islands Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment is the tenth such assessment conducted by UNCTAD and the third for a Pacific Islands Nation. The Solomon Islands economy is undergoing a...

Bhutan is a latecomer to the ICT space, with the earliest efforts at introducing TV or other forms of information and communications technologies (ICTs) dating back to 1999. The country is therefore...

The Vanuatu Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment is the ninth such assessment conducted by UNCTAD and the third for a Pacific Islands Nation, after Samoa in July 2017 and Solomon Islands in March 2018...

The Lao PDR Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment is the seventh such assessment conducted by UNCTAD and the third for an ASEAN LDC after Cambodia (December 2016) and Myanmar (November 2017). Lao PDR is...

The Myanmar Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment is the fifth such assessment conducted by UNCTAD and the second for an ASEAN LDC after Cambodia (December 2016). Myanmar is currently best described as a...

Liberia is at an important juncture in its development trajectory. Since the last decade, the country has embraced a private sector led growth model, which is now gathering pace. The policy...

The Nepal Rapid e-Trade Readiness Assessment is the fourth such assessment conducted by UNCTAD. The e-commerce industry in Nepal is at a nascent stage and represents an underexplored market. The fast...

The Samoa Rapid e-Trade Readiness Assessment is the third such assessment conducted by UNCTAD. With the accelerated opening up of the economy and telecommunication developments resulting in more...

The first e-Trade Readiness assessment was conducted in Cambodia in November-December 2016. The potential for e-commerce development is significant in Cambodia, promising to diversify the economy...

The eTrade Readiness Assessment of Ghana expands UNCTADs ongoing e-commerce technical assistance in West Africa, in alignment with the ECOWAS E-Commerce Strategy adopted in July 2023. Building on...

E-commerce presents an important opportunity to address some of the major challenges faced by the Jordanian economy and to become a driver of sustainable economic growth. Jordan has experienced an...