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Today, there are over 20 countries classified as transition economies. It is undeniable that a basic and essential challenge for all transition economies is still the attraction of investment and, in...

This publication summarizes the proceedings of the Round Table on Standards, Norms and Regulations and their Impact on International Trade, focused primarily on central and eastern European countries...

This publication discusses the different aspects of transition Poland has experienced during the last decade. The guide looks at encouraging private entrepreneurship; problems of stock exchanges in a...

The development of foreign trade in the transition economies depends largely on the availability of competitive exports and convertible currency funds for imports. This publication addresses practical...

The rapid development of the services sector in domestic and international trade has been a major feature of the world’s economic development over the last thirty or more years. At the same time...

This report is taken from the deliberations that took place at the workshop, Practical Aspects of Trade Finance in CIS Countries with Special Reference to Problems Encountered by Small and Medium...

This brief publication aims to provide useful information for formulating technical assistance projects for Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia (EECCA) countries. The publication provides a...

The accession of eight Central and Eastern European transition countries and two Mediterranean countries to the European Union was the most significant enlargement in scope and diversity in the...

The Zambia Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment is the fourteenth such assessment conducted by UNCTAD and the second in Eastern and Southern Africa. There is significant potential for e-commerce...

The Solomon Islands Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment is the tenth such assessment conducted by UNCTAD and the third for a Pacific Islands Nation. The Solomon Islands economy is undergoing a...

Bhutan is a latecomer to the ICT space, with the earliest efforts at introducing TV or other forms of information and communications technologies (ICTs) dating back to 1999. The country is therefore...

The Vanuatu Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment is the ninth such assessment conducted by UNCTAD and the third for a Pacific Islands Nation, after Samoa in July 2017 and Solomon Islands in March 2018...

The Lao PDR Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment is the seventh such assessment conducted by UNCTAD and the third for an ASEAN LDC after Cambodia (December 2016) and Myanmar (November 2017). Lao PDR is...

The Myanmar Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment is the fifth such assessment conducted by UNCTAD and the second for an ASEAN LDC after Cambodia (December 2016). Myanmar is currently best described as a...

Liberia is at an important juncture in its development trajectory. Since the last decade, the country has embraced a private sector led growth model, which is now gathering pace. The policy...

The Nepal Rapid e-Trade Readiness Assessment is the fourth such assessment conducted by UNCTAD. The e-commerce industry in Nepal is at a nascent stage and represents an underexplored market. The fast...

The Samoa Rapid e-Trade Readiness Assessment is the third such assessment conducted by UNCTAD. With the accelerated opening up of the economy and telecommunication developments resulting in more...

The first e-Trade Readiness assessment was conducted in Cambodia in November-December 2016. The potential for e-commerce development is significant in Cambodia, promising to diversify the economy...

The eTrade Readiness Assessment of Ghana expands UNCTADs ongoing e-commerce technical assistance in West Africa, in alignment with the ECOWAS E-Commerce Strategy adopted in July 2023. Building on...