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The concept of fair and equitable treatment, which has assumed prominence in investment relations between States, provides a yardstick by which relations between foreign direct investors and...

Section I of the book contains an explanation of the concept of transparency as it is understood in the context of international investment agreements. Section II provides a review of current treaty...

In this publication, Section I defines the concepts of direct and indirect expropriation and reviews the variety of measures that can constitute an expropriation. Section II focuses on the core issue...