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The 1990’s witnessed the resurgence of interest in regional trade agreements (RTAs) throughout the world. RTAs continue to proliferate as an idea as well as political-economic fact, and are likely to...

Following the crises of the late 1990s and the subsequent slowdown in the world economy, many countries are at the crossroads in their trade strategy, uncertain whether to advance with trade reforms...

This study reports that genetically modified crops pose especially difficult choices for the world’s poorer nations. Agro-biotechnology may allow higher yields and provide other benefits, but it also...

This is a compilation of policies and practices that contribute to bridging a knowledge gap with regards to climate change impacts and adaptation for coastal transport infrastructure. It presents...

This document identifies the principal tensions and opportunities arising that are impacting the inevitable and ongoing digitalization process that is underway in the maritime sector, particularly...

National Trade Facilitation Committees (NTFCs) have been transformed from being largely unknown institutional bodies to leading governments’ trade facilitation efforts and policy agendas for cross...

The report describes and analyses the impact of COVID-19 (coronavirus) on the maritime supply chain. It also identifies response measures adopted and sets out a list of lessons learned and good...

The impacts of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and related response measures have resulted in significant operational disruptions and delays across global networks, with important implications for the...

This publication investigates the extent to which progress in reducing impediments and distortions to trade has levelled the playing field for developing country exports. It also looks into whether...

The most debated topic in electronic commerce today is whether and how to collect tariffs and taxes on cross-border electronic commerce. No national or international legislation has been put in place...

Using a quantile regression econometric formula, this study examines the relationship between export performance, supply capacity factors and foreign market access. The main determinants of export...

Prepared by the UN Conference of Trade and Development, this study addresses the effects of WTO trade reform on poverty at three levels: on developing countries as a group; on different types of...

The WTO negotiations on agriculture remain deadlocked after four years of discussion, and efforts to find a solution at Cancún failed. Analysis of the various proposals using the UNCTAD/FAO...

This paper aims to review the objectives and instruments of industrial policy in a changing global context. It addresses such issues as: justification for industrial policy; importance of analytical...

Anti-dumping (AD) and countervailing (CV) measures have become popular substitutes for traditional trade barriers, which are gradually being reduced in the course of regional and multilateral trade...

Electronic commerce offers unprecedented opportunities to both developing and developed countries. This paper notes that in the long run, developing countries have more to benefit from electronic...

This paper gives an assessment of the Uruguay Round (UR) four years after its implementation. The goal of this publication is to draw lessons on how to approach the assessment of the next round so...

This paper discusses the results from trade models executed towards the end of the Uruguay Round. The paper argues that there are substantial inconsistencies across model results. It also attempts to...

The export-led growth hypothesis (ELGH) states that export growth is one of the key determinants of economic growth. This study goes beyond the traditional neoclassical theory of production by...