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The ecosystem approach to the management of oceans and their resources was consolidated in Agenda 21. Practical application of this approach is still in early stages of development by regional...

This publication presents a regional overview on land-based sources and activities affecting the marine, coastal and associated freshwater environment in the Wider Caribbean Region. The report...

While the natural resources of this part of the Middle East have supported the coastal populations for thousands of years, the marine environment has recently been degraded as a result of a wide range...

The Global Programme of Action of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities was adopted in November 1995. The goal of this programme is to prevent the degradation of the marine environment...

The 2016 edition of the State of Commodity Dependence contains 135 individual country profiles, each comprising 40 indicators mostly related to the three main dimensions of commodity dependence...

A country is export commodity-dependent (from now on “commodity dependent”) when its exports are heavily concentrated on primary commodities. The source of commodity dependence can be linked to...

This reference book covers whale distribution, behaviour and migration; highlighting the threats that small cetaceans are exposed to. With the exception of the sperm whale, all 72 species of toothed...

This publication contains 189 individual country profiles, each comprising 30 indicators mostly related to the four main dimensions of commodity dependence, namely: merchandise and commodity export...

This 2021 edition of the State of Commodity Dependence contains statistical profiles for 195 UNCTAD member States. Comprised of around 30 indicators, it demonstrates the extent of each country’s...

The 2014 edition of the State of Commodity Dependence contains 135 individual country profiles presenting various that are comparable across countries. For every country, reference data are also...

The State of Commodity Dependence 2012 was prepared by the Special Unit on Commodities (SUC) of UNCTAD. This document aims to provide an individual country overview of the commodity-related situation...

This publication aims at assisting the countries of the West and Central African region in their efforts to protect the marine environment and achieve sustainable development. It provides data and...

Coral Reefs are among the world’s richest and most spectacular ecosystems. Their contribution to marine biodiversity is enormous. More than one billion people in the tropics benefit directly from...

The Regional Seas Programme, launched in 1974 in the wake of the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm, aims to address the accelerating degradation of the world’s...

This publication provides an overview of activities affecting the Marine, coastal and freshwater environment in the Pacific Islands region. It identifies and assesses the problems related to each...

The objective of this report is to provide an overview of the key socio-economic, management and governance issues relating to the conservation and sustainable use of deep-sea ecosystems and...

This report comprises recommendations of a Workshop on Implementation of the Global Programme of Action (GPA) for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-Based Activities. It also includes...