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The ecosystem approach to the management of oceans and their resources was consolidated in Agenda 21. Practical application of this approach is still in early stages of development by regional...

This publication presents a regional overview on land-based sources and activities affecting the marine, coastal and associated freshwater environment in the Wider Caribbean Region. The report...

While the natural resources of this part of the Middle East have supported the coastal populations for thousands of years, the marine environment has recently been degraded as a result of a wide range...

The Global Programme of Action of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities was adopted in November 1995. The goal of this programme is to prevent the degradation of the marine environment...

The Zambia Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment is the fourteenth such assessment conducted by UNCTAD and the second in Eastern and Southern Africa. There is significant potential for e-commerce...

The Solomon Islands Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment is the tenth such assessment conducted by UNCTAD and the third for a Pacific Islands Nation. The Solomon Islands economy is undergoing a...

Bhutan is a latecomer to the ICT space, with the earliest efforts at introducing TV or other forms of information and communications technologies (ICTs) dating back to 1999. The country is therefore...

The Vanuatu Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment is the ninth such assessment conducted by UNCTAD and the third for a Pacific Islands Nation, after Samoa in July 2017 and Solomon Islands in March 2018...

The Lao PDR Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment is the seventh such assessment conducted by UNCTAD and the third for an ASEAN LDC after Cambodia (December 2016) and Myanmar (November 2017). Lao PDR is...

The Myanmar Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment is the fifth such assessment conducted by UNCTAD and the second for an ASEAN LDC after Cambodia (December 2016). Myanmar is currently best described as a...

Liberia is at an important juncture in its development trajectory. Since the last decade, the country has embraced a private sector led growth model, which is now gathering pace. The policy...

The Nepal Rapid e-Trade Readiness Assessment is the fourth such assessment conducted by UNCTAD. The e-commerce industry in Nepal is at a nascent stage and represents an underexplored market. The fast...

The Samoa Rapid e-Trade Readiness Assessment is the third such assessment conducted by UNCTAD. With the accelerated opening up of the economy and telecommunication developments resulting in more...

The first e-Trade Readiness assessment was conducted in Cambodia in November-December 2016. The potential for e-commerce development is significant in Cambodia, promising to diversify the economy...

This reference book covers whale distribution, behaviour and migration; highlighting the threats that small cetaceans are exposed to. With the exception of the sperm whale, all 72 species of toothed...

The eTrade Readiness Assessment of Ghana expands UNCTADs ongoing e-commerce technical assistance in West Africa, in alignment with the ECOWAS E-Commerce Strategy adopted in July 2023. Building on...

E-commerce presents an important opportunity to address some of the major challenges faced by the Jordanian economy and to become a driver of sustainable economic growth. Jordan has experienced an...

The Kenya eTrade Readiness Assessment is the fifth assessment conducted by UNCTAD in a non-LDC country and follows an enhanced methodology. As per this methodology, surveys were disseminated as part...

The present assessment is part of the development of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) e-commerce strategy, for which UNCTAD was referred by the ECOWAS Commission in 2020. It...

The Uganda Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessment is the thirteenth such assessment conducted by UNCTAD and the first in Eastern and Southern Africa. E-commerce is not new in Uganda. Information and...