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ESCWA Water Development Report No.2

State of Water Resources in the ESCWA Region

Series: ESCWA Series on Water Development
( Print: April 2008, PDF: July 2008 )

There is a growing concern among the international community that a pending water crisis is threatening the entire global population, not only those living in arid to semi-arid areas. This Report, the...

There is a growing concern among the international community that a pending water crisis is threatening the entire global population, not only those living in arid to semi-arid areas. This Report, the...


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ESCWA Water Development Report No.3

Role of Desalination in Addressing Water Scarcity

Series: ESCWA Series on Water Development
( Print: May 2010, PDF: December 2009 )

There is a growing concern among the international community that a pending water crisis is threatening the entire global population, not only those living in arid to semi-arid areas. This Report, the...

There is a growing concern among the international community that a pending water crisis is threatening the entire global population, not only those living in arid to semi-arid areas. This Report, the...


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ESCWA Water Development Report 4

National Capacities for the Management of Shared Water Resources in ESCWA Member Countries

Series: ESCWA Series on Water Development
( Print: August 2012, PDF: April 2012 )

This report focuses on national and regional capacities for the management of shared water resources in ESCWA member countries. Specific attention is paid to the legal frameworks for shared water...

This report focuses on national and regional capacities for the management of shared water resources in ESCWA member countries. Specific attention is paid to the legal frameworks for shared water...


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ESCWA Water Development Report 5

Issues in Sustainable Water Resources Management and Water Services in the Arab Region

Series: ESCWA Series on Water Development
( Print: October 2014, PDF: September 2014 )

The Arab Ministerial Water Council (AMWC) took the initiative to establish a regional monitoring mechanism for water and sanitation services that builds upon indicators globally monitored under the...

The Arab Ministerial Water Council (AMWC) took the initiative to establish a regional monitoring mechanism for water and sanitation services that builds upon indicators globally monitored under the...


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ESCWA Water Development Report 6 (Arabic language)

The Water, Energy and Food Security Nexus in the Arab Region

Series: ESCWA Series on Water Development
( PDF: March 2016 )

This sixth issue of the ESCWA Water Development Report offers an analytical framework and a series of case studies for understanding the water-energy-food security nexus in the Arab region. The...

This sixth issue of the ESCWA Water Development Report offers an analytical framework and a series of case studies for understanding the water-energy-food security nexus in the Arab region. The...


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ESCWA Water Development Report 6

The Water, Energy and Food Security Nexus in the Arab Region

Series: ESCWA Series on Water Development
( Print: May 2016, PDF: March 2016 )

This report offers an analytical framework and a series of case studies for understanding the water-energy-food security nexus in the Arab region. The analytical framework considers the interlinkages...

This report offers an analytical framework and a series of case studies for understanding the water-energy-food security nexus in the Arab region. The analytical framework considers the interlinkages...


ESCWA Water Development Report

Vulnerability of the Region to Socio-economic Drought (Arabic language)

Series: ESCWA Series on Water Development

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ESCWA Water Development Report 1

Vulnerability of the Region to Socio-economic Drought

Series: ESCWA Series on Water Development
( Print: February 2006, PDF: October 2006 )

The present study addresses the gap in understanding socio-economic drought in the ESCWA region. It aims to raise awareness of the importance of developing drought detection, preparedness and...

The present study addresses the gap in understanding socio-economic drought in the ESCWA region. It aims to raise awareness of the importance of developing drought detection, preparedness and...


Policy Effectiveness and Multilateral Environmental Agreements

Series: Environment and Trade
( Print: May 2001 )

This study examines the issue of how to measure the effectiveness of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) within the context of recent trade and environment discussions. The three MEAs...

This study examines the issue of how to measure the effectiveness of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) within the context of recent trade and environment discussions. The three MEAs...


Fisheries Subsidies Overfishing and Trade

Series: Environment and Trade
( Print: August 2000 )

This publication provides an analytical framework for international consideration of the issue on fisheries subsidies, trade and the environment. It views natural resource subsidies in economic theory...

This publication provides an analytical framework for international consideration of the issue on fisheries subsidies, trade and the environment. It views natural resource subsidies in economic theory...


Global Product Chains

Northern Consumers, Southern Producers, and Sustainability

Series: Environment and Trade
( Print: August 2000 )

Growing international trade has made the economies of nations inter-dependent and this has had, among other things, implications for environmental policy. Global Product Chains is a helpful instrument...

Growing international trade has made the economies of nations inter-dependent and this has had, among other things, implications for environmental policy. Global Product Chains is a helpful instrument...


Trade Related Environmental Measures in the Field of Safety in Biotechnology

Series: Environment and Trade
( Print: August 2000 )

This publication illustrates how safety requirements in the field of biotechnology can sometimes take the form of trade measures when they create a restriction on trade to protect the environment and...

This publication illustrates how safety requirements in the field of biotechnology can sometimes take the form of trade measures when they create a restriction on trade to protect the environment and...


Criteria in Environmental Labelling

A Comparative Analysis of Environmental Criteria in Selected Labelling Schemes

Series: Environment and Trade
( Print: August 2000 )

This publication provides information on the environmental characteristics of three products: paper, laundry detergents, and textiles. It gives an overview of environmental criteria in each of the...

This publication provides information on the environmental characteristics of three products: paper, laundry detergents, and textiles. It gives an overview of environmental criteria in each of the...


Science, Risk Analysis and Environmental Policy Decisions

Series: Environment and Trade
( Print: August 1995 )

Below the grand structural framework of anlyses there is an enormous amount which can be and is being done in the formalization and harmonization of tests, decision making procedures and the use and...

Below the grand structural framework of anlyses there is an enormous amount which can be and is being done in the formalization and harmonization of tests, decision making procedures and the use and...


Protecting the Ozone Layer Through Trade Measures

Reconciling the Trade Provisions of the Montreal Protocol and the Rules of the GATT

Series: Environment and Trade
( Print: August 1995 )

This paper provides an overview of the history of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, examines the necessity and effectiveness of the Protocol's trade measures and...

This paper provides an overview of the history of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, examines the necessity and effectiveness of the Protocol's trade measures and...


Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes at the Interface of Environment and Trade

Series: Environment and Trade
( Print: August 1995 )

In 1989, environmental concerns led to the adoption of the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal. This publication outlines some of the...

In 1989, environmental concerns led to the adoption of the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal. This publication outlines some of the...


Role of Science in the Uruguay Round and NAFTA Trade Disciplines, The

Series: Environment and Trade
( Print: August 1995 )

The author, David A. Wirth, examines the increasingly important role of science in the structure and operation of international trade agreements. This paper analyzes and summarizes the relevant texts...

The author, David A. Wirth, examines the increasingly important role of science in the structure and operation of international trade agreements. This paper analyzes and summarizes the relevant texts...


Institutional Mechanisms Supporting Trade in Genetic Materials

Issues Under the Bio-diversity Convention and GATT/TRIPs

Series: Environment and Trade
( Print: August 1995 )

One of the complexities of discussing and working with genetic materials is their multiple forms each of which requires a different approach. This publication discusses the issues of biodiversity...

One of the complexities of discussing and working with genetic materials is their multiple forms each of which requires a different approach. This publication discusses the issues of biodiversity...