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This Report reveals efforts of the Halons Technical Options Committee (HTOC) to identify, develop and test alternatives that can used in place of the halons. Under the Montreal Protocol on Substances...

This publication contains findings and recommendations of the nexus assessment and study of cooperation benefits in the Drina River Basin shared by Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia. The...

Report of the Flexible and Rigid Foams Technical Options Committee (FTOC) provides information on the technical options available to eliminate chloroflurocarbons and use of other ozone depleting...

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer requires periodic assessments of available scientific, environmental, technical and economic information. This 2002 Assessment focuses...

The Methyl Bromide Technical Options Committee (MBTOC) was established by parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer to identify existing and potential alternatives to...

In the last decade, the refrigeration, airconditioning and heat pump industries, have made tremendous technical progress in compyling with the Montreal Protocol by phasing out chlorofluorocarbons...

Report of the Solvents and Adhesives Technical Options Committee (STOC) 2002 provides the progress report and status of efforts by this committee to phase out the use of solvents, coatings and...

The Report of the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel 2002 (TEAP) contains executive summaries from six Panel Technical Options Committees. The committee summaries included cover aerosols...

In response to the scientific consensus that chlorofluorocarbons and halons deplete the ozone layer, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) enacted the Montreal Protocol as the principal...

This publication is the main output of the “Transboundary Water Cooperation in the Newly Independent States” project. It aims to define the status, trends and further needs with regard to...

In 2021, Latin America and the Caribbean faces an economic and social context that will remain complex and uncertain. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic continues to impact the region, with a...

The region is facing a complex economic situation, marked by slowing growth, rising inflation, interest rate hikes and volatility in international markets. This context puts pressure on public...

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer was designed so that the phase out schedules could be revised on the basis of periodic scientific and technological assessments. Since...

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer was designed so that the phase out schedules could be revised on the basis of periodic scientific and technological assessments. Since...

The publication provides an overview and analysis of the present situation in Central Asia with regard to the safety of hydraulic structures such as dams. In addition to a list of all major dams in...

Examines and provides guidelines on the protection of water resources and aquatic ecosystems.

In 2022, the fiscal situation in Latin America and the Caribbean was characterized by rising tax revenues and declining in public spending, resulting in smaller fiscal deficits. Nevertheless, public...

The publication intends to demonstrate and illustrate important steps and lessons learned to take into account when developing a climate change adaptation strategy for water management in the basin or...