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Expenditures, Investment and Financing for Sustainable Development in Brazil

Series: Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo
( Print: January 2003 )

This study examines the evolution and characteristics of financing for the environment in Brazil, in order to identify the advances and retreats made after the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992. It...

This study examines the evolution and characteristics of financing for the environment in Brazil, in order to identify the advances and retreats made after the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992. It...


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Expenditures, Investment and Financing for Sustainable Development in Trinidad and Tobago

Series: Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo
( Print: January 2003 )

This study examines financing for environmental projects and programs in Trinidad and Tobago over the last decade. It evaluates the efficiency of the financing to establish whether the various...

This study examines financing for environmental projects and programs in Trinidad and Tobago over the last decade. It evaluates the efficiency of the financing to establish whether the various...


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Systems Approach to Sustainability and Sustainable Development, A

Series: Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo
( Print: July 2003 )

This document discusses the concept of sustainability and sustainable development, introducing the various theoretical perspectives used in literature. It identifies the determinants of sustainability...

This document discusses the concept of sustainability and sustainable development, introducing the various theoretical perspectives used in literature. It identifies the determinants of sustainability...


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International Investor Arrangements

Trends and Emerging Issues

Series: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Series on International Investment Policies for Development
( Print: June 2006, PDF: October 2006 )

The past few years saw a proliferation of international investment agreements (IIAs) at the bilateral, regional and interregional levels. The new generation of IIAs presents new challenges for...

The past few years saw a proliferation of international investment agreements (IIAs) at the bilateral, regional and interregional levels. The new generation of IIAs presents new challenges for...


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Investor-state Disputes Arising from Investment Treaties

A Review

Series: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Series on International Investment Policies for Development
( Print: June 2006, PDF: April 2007 )

The settlement of disputes between investors and the States in which they operate is a key aspect of the system of investment protection established in international investment agreements. Thus, the...

The settlement of disputes between investors and the States in which they operate is a key aspect of the system of investment protection established in international investment agreements. Thus, the...


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Agriculturalization as a Syndrome

A Comparative Study of Agriculture in Argentina and Australia

Series: Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo
( Print: July 2006 )

The current study compares the process of agriculturization as it has been described for Argentina to similar processes occurring in Australia in order to assess the utility of this causal complex as...

The current study compares the process of agriculturization as it has been described for Argentina to similar processes occurring in Australia in order to assess the utility of this causal complex as...


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Preserving Flexibility in IIAs

The Use of Reservations

Series: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Series on International Investment Policies for Development
( Print: November 2006, PDF: October 2006 )

Reservations in International Investment Agreements are a key technique for balancing flexibility of national authorities with international commitments in the field of investment, especially for...

Reservations in International Investment Agreements are a key technique for balancing flexibility of national authorities with international commitments in the field of investment, especially for...


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Sustainable Human Settlements Development in Latin America and the Caribbean

( Print: November 2005 )

This document presents an overview of the regional progress made towards the targets and commitments derived from implementation plans and programmes for the main agreements of the Johannesburg Summit...

This document presents an overview of the regional progress made towards the targets and commitments derived from implementation plans and programmes for the main agreements of the Johannesburg Summit...


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South-South Cooperation in International Investment Arrangements

Series: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Series on International Investment Policies for Development
( Print: February 2006, PDF: October 2006 )

During the past decade, the number of international investment agreements among developing countries has increased substantially, pointing to growing South-South cooperation. Developing countries are...

During the past decade, the number of international investment agreements among developing countries has increased substantially, pointing to growing South-South cooperation. Developing countries are...


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International Investment Agreements in Services

Series: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Series on International Investment Policies for Development
( Print: February 2006, PDF: October 2006 )

This paper seeks to assist developing countries to meet the challenges arising at the interface of the liberalization and the regulation of services, in the context of international investment rule...

This paper seeks to assist developing countries to meet the challenges arising at the interface of the liberalization and the regulation of services, in the context of international investment rule...


Trade Liberalization and Industrial Pollution in Brazil

Series: Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo
( Print: June 2000 )

This volume attempts to estimate the effect of trade liberalization on the industrial structure and pattern of pollution emissions in Brazil. An input-output approach is used to estimate the value of...

This volume attempts to estimate the effect of trade liberalization on the industrial structure and pattern of pollution emissions in Brazil. An input-output approach is used to estimate the value of...


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The Role of International Investment Agreements in Attracting Foreign Direct Investment to...

UNCTAD Series on International Investment Policies for Development

Series: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Series on International Investment Policies for Development
( Print: February 2010, PDF: December 2009 )

International investment agreements (IIAs) are a key instrument in the strategies of most countries, in particular developing countries, to attract foreign investment. The objective of this...

International investment agreements (IIAs) are a key instrument in the strategies of most countries, in particular developing countries, to attract foreign investment. The objective of this...


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REIO Exception in MFN Treatment Clauses, The

Series: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Series on International Investment Policies for Development
( Print: April 2005 )

This paper, examines the issue of regional economic integration organization (REIO) exceptions in international investment agreements (IIAs) and its possible effects, in particular with regard to...

This paper, examines the issue of regional economic integration organization (REIO) exceptions in international investment agreements (IIAs) and its possible effects, in particular with regard to...


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Investor-State Dispute Settlement and Impact on Investment Rulemaking

Series: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Series on International Investment Policies for Development
( Print: January 2008 )

The aim of this study is to take stock of and to analyze the major developments in the interpretation of procedural and substantive international investment agreement (IIA) provisions as contained in...

The aim of this study is to take stock of and to analyze the major developments in the interpretation of procedural and substantive international investment agreement (IIA) provisions as contained in...


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Technological Evaluation of Biotechnology Capability in Amazon Institutions

( Print: May 2004 )

The innovation cycle concerning the exploration of biodiversity biotechnological products in Amazon countries is considered in this report. A technological evaluation of the countries is conducted and...

The innovation cycle concerning the exploration of biodiversity biotechnological products in Amazon countries is considered in this report. A technological evaluation of the countries is conducted and...


Urban Consensus

Contributions from the Latin American and the Caribbean Regional Plan of Action on Human...

Series: Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo
( Print: August 2000 )

Urban Consensus is a review of the regional Plan of Action on Human Settlements adopted in 1995, aimed at projecting shared priorities on urban and housing policies for the coming millennium. The...

Urban Consensus is a review of the regional Plan of Action on Human Settlements adopted in 1995, aimed at projecting shared priorities on urban and housing policies for the coming millennium. The...


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Urban Poverty and Habitat Precariousness in the Caribbean

( Print: August 2004 )

This report focuses on urban poverty and habitat precariousness in the Caribbean countries with an emphasis on current and former British territories. Divided into three chapters, it looks at the...

This report focuses on urban poverty and habitat precariousness in the Caribbean countries with an emphasis on current and former British territories. Divided into three chapters, it looks at the...


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Identifying Core Elements in Investment Agreements in the APEC Region

Series: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Series on International Investment Policies for Development
( Print: February 2009, PDF: December 2008 )

This study responds to an Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum Investment Experts Group request to identify the core elements in investment agreements in the APEC region. This includes...

This study responds to an Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum Investment Experts Group request to identify the core elements in investment agreements in the APEC region. This includes...


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Investor-State Disputes

Prevention and Alternatives to Arbitration

Series: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Series on International Investment Policies for Development
( Print: October 2010, PDF: September 2011 )

International arbitration has been the most commonly used method for the settlement of international investment disputes. However, other forms of dispute settlements are, to date, only rarely used in...

International arbitration has been the most commonly used method for the settlement of international investment disputes. However, other forms of dispute settlements are, to date, only rarely used in...


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International Investment Rule-making

Stocktaking, Challenges and the Way Forward

Series: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Series on International Investment Policies for Development
( Print: March 2009, PDF: December 2010 )

This book reviews sixty years of international investment rule-making and identifies main trends in current treaty practice, as well as the core characteristics of the existing universe of...

This book reviews sixty years of international investment rule-making and identifies main trends in current treaty practice, as well as the core characteristics of the existing universe of...