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This report presents the GIWA assessment of the Caspian Sea – the largest land-locked water body on earth, bordered by five countries and influenced by three more in the catchment area. The assessment...

This report presents the results of the GIWA assessment of the Sea of Okhotsk region. Rapid population growth and economic development have led to increasing pollution loads in the Amur River basin...

This report presents the results of the GIWA assessment of the Oyashio Current region – one of the most productive waters in East Asia. Changes in the hydrological cycle and ocean circulation have...

This report presents the assessment of Lakes Turkana, Tanganyika, Victoria and Malawi – the largest of the East African Rift Valley Lakes and among the oldest lakes in the world. The lakes are...

This report presents the GIWA assessment of the Mekong River region. Rapid economic development and population growth are increasing the demand for water, energy and food, necessitating more hydro...

This report presents the GIWA assessment of the Humboldt Current region. The world’s largest upwelling area, supporting highly productive fisheries, is located within the boundaries of the region. The...

This report presents the assessment of the GIWA Eastern Equatorial Pacific region, which includes parts of Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia. Pollution in the...

This report presents the results of the GIWA assessment of the Colombia & Venezuela and Central America & Mexico sub-systems. In the Colombia & Venezuela sub-system, coastal habitats are being...

This report presents the GIWA assessment of the Small Islands sub-system of the Caribbean Sea region. Habitat and community modification, as a result of anthropogenic pressures, was found to cause the...

This report presents the results of the GIWA assessment of the Russian Arctic region. The region contains significant stocks of natural resources, like oil and gas. The exploitation of these resources...

This report presents the results of the GIWA assessment of the Aral Sea. Practically all renewable water resources in the region are being used, predominantly for irrigation, and the regional economy...

This report presents the results of the GIWA assessment of the East China Sea region. This region receives tremendous inflow of freshwater and terrestrial sediments, predominantly from China’s...

This report presents the GIWA assessment of the South China Sea region. The region supports a rapidly growing coastal population, and has rapidly deteriorating marine ecosystems with the likely...

The Global International Waters Assessment Final Report provides a comprehensive review of the most important findings from the regional reports. It summarises the major transboundary concerns and...

This report presents the GIWA assessment of the Baltic Sea region. It is a semi-enclosed sea, which together with other physical as well as socio-economic characteristics, makes it very sensitive to...