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Tariffs for industrial products are a key element of the ongoing WTO negotiations. However, rather than clarifying the issues, the framework text agreed on 1 August 2004 leaves considerable...

Banana prices within the European Union are almost double world levels. These prices are maintained by restrictive import quotas and tariffs that generate rents that accrue to producers and...

The concept of fair and equitable treatment, which has assumed prominence in investment relations between States, provides a yardstick by which relations between foreign direct investors and...

Section I of the book contains an explanation of the concept of transparency as it is understood in the context of international investment agreements. Section II provides a review of current treaty...

In this publication, Section I defines the concepts of direct and indirect expropriation and reviews the variety of measures that can constitute an expropriation. Section II focuses on the core issue...