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Assessing Regional Trade Arrangements

Are South-south RTAs More Trade Diverting?

Series: Policy Issues in International Trade and Commodities Study Series
( Print: February 2002 )

It has generally been argued that regional trade agreements among developing countries may induce potential adverse effects on trade patterns among RTA members and between them and third countries...

It has generally been argued that regional trade agreements among developing countries may induce potential adverse effects on trade patterns among RTA members and between them and third countries...


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Quantification of Non-tariff Measures

Series: Policy Issues in International Trade and Commodities Study Series
( Print: October 2002 )

The increase in the relative importance of non-tariff measures has increased awareness of the various deficiencies in existing non-tariff measures (NTM) data collections. This paper is concerned with...

The increase in the relative importance of non-tariff measures has increased awareness of the various deficiencies in existing non-tariff measures (NTM) data collections. This paper is concerned with...


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Trade in Services

Market Access Opportunities and the Benefits of Liberalization for Developing Countries

Series: Policy Issues in International Trade and Commodities Study Series
( Print: June 2003 )

The service sector is the most important sector for most developed economies being the largest contributor to gross domestic product, production, and employment. Developing economies on the other...

The service sector is the most important sector for most developed economies being the largest contributor to gross domestic product, production, and employment. Developing economies on the other...


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International Trade and Labour Market Performance

Major Findings and Open Questions

Series: Policy Issues in International Trade and Commodities Study Series
( Print: June 2003 )

This paper summarizes the results of recent research into the effects of international trade on labor demand highlighting three areas, which may require further investigation. These areas being: the...

This paper summarizes the results of recent research into the effects of international trade on labor demand highlighting three areas, which may require further investigation. These areas being: the...


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Assessing South-south Regional Integration

Same Issues Many Metrics

Series: Policy Issues in International Trade and Commodities Study Series
( Print: June 2003 )

The number of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) has increased over time. So have the complexity of issues surrounding their formation and the metrics used to assess them. Despite sustained research...

The number of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) has increased over time. So have the complexity of issues surrounding their formation and the metrics used to assess them. Despite sustained research...


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Duty and Quota-free Access for LDCs

Further Evidence From CGE Modelling

Series: Policy Issues in International Trade and Commodities Study Series
( Print: June 2002 )

This study is an extension of the work entitled Duty and Quota Free Market Access for LDCs: An Analysis of Quad Initiatives. Its purpose is to assess the effects of trade policy initiatives aimed at...

This study is an extension of the work entitled Duty and Quota Free Market Access for LDCs: An Analysis of Quad Initiatives. Its purpose is to assess the effects of trade policy initiatives aimed at...


Post-Uruguay Round Market Access Barriers for Industrial Products

Series: Policy Issues in International Trade and Commodities Study Series
( Print: February 2002 )

Both the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) secretariats have a long history of research on the pattern and effects of border protection...

Both the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) secretariats have a long history of research on the pattern and effects of border protection...


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United Nations E-Government Survey 2016

E-Government in Support of Sustainable Development

Series: United Nations E-Government Survey
( Print: January 2017, PDF: January 2017 )

Since 2001, the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), Division for Public Administration and Development Management (DPADM) has published the United Nations E-Government...

Since 2001, the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), Division for Public Administration and Development Management (DPADM) has published the United Nations E-Government...


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Smoke and Mirrors

Making Sense of WTO Industrial Tariff Negotiations

Series: Policy Issues in International Trade and Commodities Study Series
( Print: June 2006 )

Tariffs for industrial products are a key element of the ongoing WTO negotiations. However, rather than clarifying the issues, the framework text agreed on 1 August 2004 leaves considerable...

Tariffs for industrial products are a key element of the ongoing WTO negotiations. However, rather than clarifying the issues, the framework text agreed on 1 August 2004 leaves considerable...


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Banana Split

How EU Policies Divide Global Producers

Series: Policy Issues in International Trade and Commodities Study Series
( Print: February 2006, PDF: October 2006 )

Banana prices within the European Union are almost double world levels. These prices are maintained by restrictive import quotas and tariffs that generate rents that accrue to producers and...

Banana prices within the European Union are almost double world levels. These prices are maintained by restrictive import quotas and tariffs that generate rents that accrue to producers and...


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Global E-Government Readiness Report 2005

From E-Government to E-inclusion

Series: United Nations E-Government Survey
( Print: August 2006, PDF: October 2006 )

There are huge disparities in the global access and use of information technologies, and these disparities are not likely to be removed in the near future unless a concerted action is taken at the...

There are huge disparities in the global access and use of information technologies, and these disparities are not likely to be removed in the near future unless a concerted action is taken at the...


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United Nations E-Government Survey 2022

The Future of Digital Government

Series: United Nations E-Government Survey
( Print: October 2022, PDF: October 2022 )

The United Nations E-Government Survey is published by DPIDG, UN DESA, once every two years. The 2022 Survey is the 12th edition, following a consistent methodology first adopted in 2003. The Survey...

The United Nations E-Government Survey is published by DPIDG, UN DESA, once every two years. The 2022 Survey is the 12th edition, following a consistent methodology first adopted in 2003. The Survey...


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User Manual and Handbook on Agricultural Trade Policy Simulation Model (ATPSM)

Series: Policy Issues in International Trade and Commodities Study Series
( Print: March 2005 )

This report contains instructions in the use of the Agricultural Trade Policy Simulation Model (ATPSM). ATPSM is designed of detailed analysis of agricultural trade policy issues. It can be used as a...

This report contains instructions in the use of the Agricultural Trade Policy Simulation Model (ATPSM). ATPSM is designed of detailed analysis of agricultural trade policy issues. It can be used as a...


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Swimming in the Spaghetti Bowl

Challenges for Developing Countries under the New Regionalism

Series: Policy Issues in International Trade and Commodities Study Series
( Print: March 2005 )

The 1990’s witnessed the resurgence of interest in regional trade agreements (RTAs) throughout the world. RTAs continue to proliferate as an idea as well as political-economic fact, and are likely to...

The 1990’s witnessed the resurgence of interest in regional trade agreements (RTAs) throughout the world. RTAs continue to proliferate as an idea as well as political-economic fact, and are likely to...


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Trade Policy at the Crossroads

The Indonesian Story

Series: Policy Issues in International Trade and Commodities Study Series
( Print: June 2005 )

Following the crises of the late 1990s and the subsequent slowdown in the world economy, many countries are at the crossroads in their trade strategy, uncertain whether to advance with trade reforms...

Following the crises of the late 1990s and the subsequent slowdown in the world economy, many countries are at the crossroads in their trade strategy, uncertain whether to advance with trade reforms...


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International Trade in GMOs and GM Products

National and Multilateral Legal Frameworks

Series: Policy Issues in International Trade and Commodities Study Series
( Print: June 2005 )

This study reports that genetically modified crops pose especially difficult choices for the world’s poorer nations. Agro-biotechnology may allow higher yields and provide other benefits, but it also...

This study reports that genetically modified crops pose especially difficult choices for the world’s poorer nations. Agro-biotechnology may allow higher yields and provide other benefits, but it also...


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United Nations E-Government Survey 2020

Digital Government in the Decade of Action for Sustainable Development (With addendum on COVID-19...

Series: United Nations E-Government Survey
( Print: July 2020, PDF: July 2020 )

The Survey assesses global and regional e-government development through a comparative rating of national government portals relative to one another. It is designed to provide a snapshot of country...

The Survey assesses global and regional e-government development through a comparative rating of national government portals relative to one another. It is designed to provide a snapshot of country...


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UN Global E-Government Survey 2003

Series: United Nations E-Government Survey
( PDF: January 2004 )

Governments have the critical responsibility to pursue policies and measures to build resilience and assist those most affected by shocks in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). They...

Governments have the critical responsibility to pursue policies and measures to build resilience and assist those most affected by shocks in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). They...


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United Nations E-Government Survey 2018

Gearing E-Government to Support Transformation Towards Sustainable and Resilient Societies

Series: United Nations E-Government Survey
( Print: February 2019, PDF: September 2018 )

Governments have the critical responsibility to pursue policies and measures to build resilience and assist those most affected by shocks in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). They...

Governments have the critical responsibility to pursue policies and measures to build resilience and assist those most affected by shocks in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). They...


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Export Performance and Its Determinants

Supply and Demand Constraints

Series: Policy Issues in International Trade and Commodities Study Series
( Print: June 2004 )

Using a quantile regression econometric formula, this study examines the relationship between export performance, supply capacity factors and foreign market access. The main determinants of export...

Using a quantile regression econometric formula, this study examines the relationship between export performance, supply capacity factors and foreign market access. The main determinants of export...