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Costa Rica

Policies and Conditions for Export Diversification

Series: UNU/WIDER Working Papers
( Print: September 1999 )

Providing important lessons for developing and transition economies, this publication is a study of the capacity and adaptability of Costa Rica to increase its exports effectively. It surveys de...

Providing important lessons for developing and transition economies, this publication is a study of the capacity and adaptability of Costa Rica to increase its exports effectively. It surveys de...


Weightless Economy in Economic Development, The

Series: UNU/WIDER Working Papers
( Print: September 1999 )

Can the increasing significance of knowledge-products in national income - the growing weightless economy - influence economic development? This publication analyzes a model embodying such a reduction...

Can the increasing significance of knowledge-products in national income - the growing weightless economy - influence economic development? This publication analyzes a model embodying such a reduction...


Resource Abundance and Economic Development

Improving the Performance of Resource-Rich Countries

Series: UNU/WIDER Research for Action
( Print: September 1999 )

Since the 1960s, the resource-rich developing economies have under-performed when compared with the resource-deficient economies. This publication explains why and outlines the reforms that are...

Since the 1960s, the resource-rich developing economies have under-performed when compared with the resource-deficient economies. This publication explains why and outlines the reforms that are...


Underdevelopment, Transition and Reconstruction in Sub-Saharan Africa

Series: UNU/WIDER Research for Action
( Print: September 1999 )

War and its consequences are perhaps the most important issues facing the African continent. Along with reconstruction from war, many countries are also engaged in economic reform. However, there are...

War and its consequences are perhaps the most important issues facing the African continent. Along with reconstruction from war, many countries are also engaged in economic reform. However, there are...


Real Exchange Rate Policy and Non-Traditional Exports in Developing Countries

Series: UNU/WIDER Research for Action
( Print: September 1999 )

This publication compares the experience in more successful areas with that in Africa. It also compares the African country-level experiences, shedding light upon the reasons for the relative failure...

This publication compares the experience in more successful areas with that in Africa. It also compares the African country-level experiences, shedding light upon the reasons for the relative failure...


Cities and the Environment

New Approaches for Eco-societies

( Print: October 1999 )

Cities focus human creativity, culture and industry, and offer welfare and livelihood opportunities for billions of people worldwide. This publication identifies and conceptualizes the ideal of urban...

Cities focus human creativity, culture and industry, and offer welfare and livelihood opportunities for billions of people worldwide. This publication identifies and conceptualizes the ideal of urban...


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Democratic Process and the Market, The

Challenges of the Transition

Series: Changing Nature of Democracy, The
( Print: November 1999 )

The transition of the former socialist countries and East and Central Europe to a pluralistic, democratic system of governance and a modern market economy has involved historically-unparalleled...

The transition of the former socialist countries and East and Central Europe to a pluralistic, democratic system of governance and a modern market economy has involved historically-unparalleled...


Basin of Mexico, The

Critical Environmental Issues and Sustainability

Series: Critical Environmental Regions
( Print: November 1999 )

The Basin of Mexico discusses the question of urban sustainability in Mexico City, one of the largest megacities on earth. The urban and demographic growth of the Basin of Mexico is of grave concern...

The Basin of Mexico discusses the question of urban sustainability in Mexico City, one of the largest megacities on earth. The urban and demographic growth of the Basin of Mexico is of grave concern...


Water for Urban Areas

Challenges and Perspective

Series: Water Resources Management and Policy
( Print: March 2000 )

By the year 2025, it is estimated that more than two-thirds of the world's population will be urban dwellers. In Water for Urban Areas, leading experts offer unique insights into varied issues of...

By the year 2025, it is estimated that more than two-thirds of the world's population will be urban dwellers. In Water for Urban Areas, leading experts offer unique insights into varied issues of...


Democracy Governance and Economic Performance

East and Southeast Asia

Series: Changing Nature of Democracy, The
( Print: April 2000 )

In a number of states of East and Southeast Asia, democratization occurred or was consolidated in the early 1990s but irrespective of the level of democratization, economic performance has been a...

In a number of states of East and Southeast Asia, democratization occurred or was consolidated in the early 1990s but irrespective of the level of democratization, economic performance has been a...


Ordos Plateau of China, The

An Endangered Environment

Series: UNU Studies on Critical Environmental Regions
( Print: January 2000 )

The Ordos Plateau of China is an account of the regional human-environmental history of the Ordos Plateau, a dryland region inhabited by Chinese farmers and Mongolian shepherds. It surveys...

The Ordos Plateau of China is an account of the regional human-environmental history of the Ordos Plateau, a dryland region inhabited by Chinese farmers and Mongolian shepherds. It surveys...


Peacekeepers, Politicians and Warlords

The Liberian Peace Process

Series: Foundations of Peace
( Print: January 2000 )

When the international community responds to a massive humanitarian emergency, such as the one in Liberia, the operation that results is both complicated and short-lived. The Peacekeepers, Politicians...

When the international community responds to a massive humanitarian emergency, such as the one in Liberia, the operation that results is both complicated and short-lived. The Peacekeepers, Politicians...


Inequality in Incomes and Access to Education

A Cross-Country Analysis

Series: UNU/WIDER Working Papers
( Print: October 1999 )

This publication presents a discussion on the relationship between inequality in income distribution and growth focusing on one of the possible links - the access to education. It presents a formal...

This publication presents a discussion on the relationship between inequality in income distribution and growth focusing on one of the possible links - the access to education. It presents a formal...


Social Funds in Stabilization and Adjustment Programmes

Series: UNU/WIDER Research for Action
( Print: October 1999 )

Before the introduction of adjustment-related Social Funds (SFs), many developing countries had developed a variety of safety nets. This publication discusses social protection systems in the pre...

Before the introduction of adjustment-related Social Funds (SFs), many developing countries had developed a variety of safety nets. This publication discusses social protection systems in the pre...


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Financing for Development in Latin America and the Caribbean

( Print: January 2002 )

What is the role and what are the sensitivities and perspectives of Latin America and the Caribbean in regard to financing for development? This publication attempts to provide a comprehensive answer...

What is the role and what are the sensitivities and perspectives of Latin America and the Caribbean in regard to financing for development? This publication attempts to provide a comprehensive answer...


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Globalization of Human Rights, The

Series: United Nations System in the 21st Century, The
( Print: November 2003 )

The Globalization of Human Rights addresses a set of questions focusing on the justice at the national, regional, and international levels. The examination of these questions is conducted through...

The Globalization of Human Rights addresses a set of questions focusing on the justice at the national, regional, and international levels. The examination of these questions is conducted through...


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Regionalism, Multilateralism, and Economic Integration

The Recent Experience

( Print: September 2003 )

In the early 1990s, the world witnessed a growth in regional trade agreements unprecedented in history. This publication looks at the characteristics of recent regional agreements and examines the...

In the early 1990s, the world witnessed a growth in regional trade agreements unprecedented in history. This publication looks at the characteristics of recent regional agreements and examines the...


Regional Peacekeepers

The Paradox of Russian Peacekeeping

( Print: July 2003 )

This publication investigates Russian military presence in its former Soviet territory, to determine whether these forces have been genuinely peacekeeping, or are in fact a post-imperial presence that...

This publication investigates Russian military presence in its former Soviet territory, to determine whether these forces have been genuinely peacekeeping, or are in fact a post-imperial presence that...


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Mangrove Management and Conservation

Present and Future

( Print: April 2004 )

A long-term plan for the sustainable use of mangrove ecosystems is urgently needed. Monitoring, research and evaluation are vital components of a successful conservation strategy for mangrove forests...

A long-term plan for the sustainable use of mangrove ecosystems is urgently needed. Monitoring, research and evaluation are vital components of a successful conservation strategy for mangrove forests...


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Reforming Africa's Institutions

Ownership, Initiatives, and Capabilities

( Print: March 2003 )

This title looks at the degree to which recent reforms undertaken in Sub-Saharan Africa have enhanced institutional capacities across the breadth of government. It analyzes to what extent reforms...

This title looks at the degree to which recent reforms undertaken in Sub-Saharan Africa have enhanced institutional capacities across the breadth of government. It analyzes to what extent reforms...