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This report presents the GIWA assessment of the Caspian Sea – the largest land-locked water body on earth, bordered by five countries and influenced by three more in the catchment area. The assessment...

This report presents the results of the GIWA assessment of the Sea of Okhotsk region. Rapid population growth and economic development have led to increasing pollution loads in the Amur River basin...

This report presents the results of the GIWA assessment of the Oyashio Current region – one of the most productive waters in East Asia. Changes in the hydrological cycle and ocean circulation have...

This report presents the assessment of Lakes Turkana, Tanganyika, Victoria and Malawi – the largest of the East African Rift Valley Lakes and among the oldest lakes in the world. The lakes are...

This report presents the GIWA assessment of the Mekong River region. Rapid economic development and population growth are increasing the demand for water, energy and food, necessitating more hydro...

This report presents the GIWA assessment of the Humboldt Current region. The world’s largest upwelling area, supporting highly productive fisheries, is located within the boundaries of the region. The...

This report presents the assessment of the GIWA Eastern Equatorial Pacific region, which includes parts of Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia. Pollution in the...

This report presents the results of the GIWA assessment of the Colombia & Venezuela and Central America & Mexico sub-systems. In the Colombia & Venezuela sub-system, coastal habitats are being...

The past few years saw a proliferation of international investment agreements (IIAs) at the bilateral, regional and interregional levels. The new generation of IIAs presents new challenges for...

The settlement of disputes between investors and the States in which they operate is a key aspect of the system of investment protection established in international investment agreements. Thus, the...

Reservations in International Investment Agreements are a key technique for balancing flexibility of national authorities with international commitments in the field of investment, especially for...