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Policy Effectiveness and Multilateral Environmental Agreements

Series: Environment and Trade
( Print: May 2001 )

This study examines the issue of how to measure the effectiveness of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) within the context of recent trade and environment discussions. The three MEAs...

This study examines the issue of how to measure the effectiveness of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) within the context of recent trade and environment discussions. The three MEAs...


Fisheries Subsidies Overfishing and Trade

Series: Environment and Trade
( Print: August 2000 )

This publication provides an analytical framework for international consideration of the issue on fisheries subsidies, trade and the environment. It views natural resource subsidies in economic theory...

This publication provides an analytical framework for international consideration of the issue on fisheries subsidies, trade and the environment. It views natural resource subsidies in economic theory...


Global Product Chains

Northern Consumers, Southern Producers, and Sustainability

Series: Environment and Trade
( Print: August 2000 )

Growing international trade has made the economies of nations inter-dependent and this has had, among other things, implications for environmental policy. Global Product Chains is a helpful instrument...

Growing international trade has made the economies of nations inter-dependent and this has had, among other things, implications for environmental policy. Global Product Chains is a helpful instrument...


Trade Related Environmental Measures in the Field of Safety in Biotechnology

Series: Environment and Trade
( Print: August 2000 )

This publication illustrates how safety requirements in the field of biotechnology can sometimes take the form of trade measures when they create a restriction on trade to protect the environment and...

This publication illustrates how safety requirements in the field of biotechnology can sometimes take the form of trade measures when they create a restriction on trade to protect the environment and...


Criteria in Environmental Labelling

A Comparative Analysis of Environmental Criteria in Selected Labelling Schemes

Series: Environment and Trade
( Print: August 2000 )

This publication provides information on the environmental characteristics of three products: paper, laundry detergents, and textiles. It gives an overview of environmental criteria in each of the...

This publication provides information on the environmental characteristics of three products: paper, laundry detergents, and textiles. It gives an overview of environmental criteria in each of the...


Economics and Environment in the Former Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia

Series: Discussion Papers
( Print: October 1993 )

This report considers the interaction between the national economy and the environment in the former Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia. It concludes that the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power...

This report considers the interaction between the national economy and the environment in the former Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia. It concludes that the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power...


Economic Growth in the Market Economies 1950-2000

Series: Discussion Papers
( Print: March 1992 )

This study offers a practical and stimulating discussion on growth in market economies. Reflecting back as far as 1950 and projecting into the year 2000, it provides an historical view and guidance on...

This study offers a practical and stimulating discussion on growth in market economies. Reflecting back as far as 1950 and projecting into the year 2000, it provides an historical view and guidance on...


Five Years of Perestroika

Results, Problems, Prospects

Series: Discussion Papers
( Print: June 1992 )

This paper focuses on the economic aspects of Perestroika and how it affected the economic reforms and developments in the former Soviet Union, Europe and the world. Experts present the original...

This paper focuses on the economic aspects of Perestroika and how it affected the economic reforms and developments in the former Soviet Union, Europe and the world. Experts present the original...


Managing Reforms in the East European Countries

Lessons from the Post-War Experience of Western Europe

Series: Discussion Papers
( Print: September 1992 )

This publication offers a detailed analysis of the policy options and choices of the European countries after the Second World War. The policies are important for managing the economic reforms in...

This publication offers a detailed analysis of the policy options and choices of the European countries after the Second World War. The policies are important for managing the economic reforms in...


Economic Reforms and Their Significance for all European Co-operation

Series: Discussion Papers
( Print: September 1992 )

This publication discusses the overall economic position in the Eastern countries giving a long-term historical perspective and short-term prospects. It views the social and economic order aimed at by...

This publication discusses the overall economic position in the Eastern countries giving a long-term historical perspective and short-term prospects. It views the social and economic order aimed at by...


Personal and Collective Services

An International Perspective

Series: Discussion Papers
( Print: October 1992 )

The service sector, including personal and collective services, has been written about in many economic publications. However, most of them focus on selected branches such as health, education and...

The service sector, including personal and collective services, has been written about in many economic publications. However, most of them focus on selected branches such as health, education and...


Conditions for Economic Recovery in Central and Eastern Europe, The

Series: Discussion Papers
( Print: January 1993 )

Because of the exceptional events in central and eastern Europe this round-table discussion centers on the transition economies. It focuses on the unexpected sharp fall in output and the resulting...

Because of the exceptional events in central and eastern Europe this round-table discussion centers on the transition economies. It focuses on the unexpected sharp fall in output and the resulting...


Scope for Macroeconomic Policy to Alleviate Unemployment in Western Europe, The

Series: Discussion Papers
( Print: January 1993 )

This study analyzes the link between inflation and unemployment as it presents a summary of facts comparing western Europe with the United States and Japan. It provides the different explanations on...

This study analyzes the link between inflation and unemployment as it presents a summary of facts comparing western Europe with the United States and Japan. It provides the different explanations on...


Structural Change, Employment and Unemployment in the Market and Transition Economies

Series: Discussion Papers
( Print: March 1994 )

Presents a discussion of many aspects of the present economic situation and secular developments in the market and transition economies and the relationship between the developments in the labour...

Presents a discussion of many aspects of the present economic situation and secular developments in the market and transition economies and the relationship between the developments in the labour...


Comparative View on Economic Reform in Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia

Series: Discussion Papers
( Print: January 1995 )

These three countries were the first to embark upon a stabilization programme, which at the same time was expected to launch the process of structural transformation. This publication is a comparative...

These three countries were the first to embark upon a stabilization programme, which at the same time was expected to launch the process of structural transformation. This publication is a comparative...


Science, Risk Analysis and Environmental Policy Decisions

Series: Environment and Trade
( Print: August 1995 )

Below the grand structural framework of anlyses there is an enormous amount which can be and is being done in the formalization and harmonization of tests, decision making procedures and the use and...

Below the grand structural framework of anlyses there is an enormous amount which can be and is being done in the formalization and harmonization of tests, decision making procedures and the use and...


Protecting the Ozone Layer Through Trade Measures

Reconciling the Trade Provisions of the Montreal Protocol and the Rules of the GATT

Series: Environment and Trade
( Print: August 1995 )

This paper provides an overview of the history of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, examines the necessity and effectiveness of the Protocol's trade measures and...

This paper provides an overview of the history of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, examines the necessity and effectiveness of the Protocol's trade measures and...


Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes at the Interface of Environment and Trade

Series: Environment and Trade
( Print: August 1995 )

In 1989, environmental concerns led to the adoption of the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal. This publication outlines some of the...

In 1989, environmental concerns led to the adoption of the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal. This publication outlines some of the...


Role of Science in the Uruguay Round and NAFTA Trade Disciplines, The

Series: Environment and Trade
( Print: August 1995 )

The author, David A. Wirth, examines the increasingly important role of science in the structure and operation of international trade agreements. This paper analyzes and summarizes the relevant texts...

The author, David A. Wirth, examines the increasingly important role of science in the structure and operation of international trade agreements. This paper analyzes and summarizes the relevant texts...


Institutional Mechanisms Supporting Trade in Genetic Materials

Issues Under the Bio-diversity Convention and GATT/TRIPs

Series: Environment and Trade
( Print: August 1995 )

One of the complexities of discussing and working with genetic materials is their multiple forms each of which requires a different approach. This publication discusses the issues of biodiversity...

One of the complexities of discussing and working with genetic materials is their multiple forms each of which requires a different approach. This publication discusses the issues of biodiversity...