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The 2016 edition of the State of Commodity Dependence contains 135 individual country profiles, each comprising 40 indicators mostly related to the three main dimensions of commodity dependence...

A country is export commodity-dependent (from now on “commodity dependent”) when its exports are heavily concentrated on primary commodities. The source of commodity dependence can be linked to...

This publication contains 189 individual country profiles, each comprising 30 indicators mostly related to the four main dimensions of commodity dependence, namely: merchandise and commodity export...

This study examines the issue of how to measure the effectiveness of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) within the context of recent trade and environment discussions. The three MEAs...

This publication provides an analytical framework for international consideration of the issue on fisheries subsidies, trade and the environment. It views natural resource subsidies in economic theory...

Growing international trade has made the economies of nations inter-dependent and this has had, among other things, implications for environmental policy. Global Product Chains is a helpful instrument...

This publication illustrates how safety requirements in the field of biotechnology can sometimes take the form of trade measures when they create a restriction on trade to protect the environment and...

This publication provides information on the environmental characteristics of three products: paper, laundry detergents, and textiles. It gives an overview of environmental criteria in each of the...

This 2021 edition of the State of Commodity Dependence contains statistical profiles for 195 UNCTAD member States. Comprised of around 30 indicators, it demonstrates the extent of each country’s...

The 2014 edition of the State of Commodity Dependence contains 135 individual country profiles presenting various that are comparable across countries. For every country, reference data are also...

The State of Commodity Dependence 2012 was prepared by the Special Unit on Commodities (SUC) of UNCTAD. This document aims to provide an individual country overview of the commodity-related situation...

Below the grand structural framework of anlyses there is an enormous amount which can be and is being done in the formalization and harmonization of tests, decision making procedures and the use and...

This paper provides an overview of the history of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, examines the necessity and effectiveness of the Protocol's trade measures and...

In 1989, environmental concerns led to the adoption of the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal. This publication outlines some of the...

The author, David A. Wirth, examines the increasingly important role of science in the structure and operation of international trade agreements. This paper analyzes and summarizes the relevant texts...

One of the complexities of discussing and working with genetic materials is their multiple forms each of which requires a different approach. This publication discusses the issues of biodiversity...